试卷讲评 任务型阅读、书面表达

1. 试卷讲评任务型阅读、书面表达 南京市文枢中学 吴宁

2. Task-based reading ：3 steps locate (定位) to paragraph(s) • Are immigrants (移民) good or bad for the economy? The American public strongly thinks they're bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a difference between the awareness of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? • There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. • To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. • Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition(敌对) is strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worries them most is the financial burden of immigration. Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants' access to certain benefits. • Overheated as the debate is, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for the low-skilled workers, or California residents, the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to control our assumptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. Impact of immigration on economy locate (定位) to sentence(s) The American public strongly thinks they're bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. ??? The general public thinks (71) _____ from most economists. compare & contrast (比对) to write out the word

3. Are immigrants (移民) good or bad for the economy? The American public strongly thinks they're bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a difference between the awareness of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? • There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. • To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. • Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition(敌对) is strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worries them most is the financial burden of immigration. Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants' access to certain benefits. • Overheated as the debate is, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for the low-skilled workers, or California residents, the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to control our assumptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. Impact of immigration on economy

4. 单词设空类型：原词；词形变化；慨括/同义转换 6,2,2(11)→ 4,4,2(12) Answers: 71. 72. Explanations/Reasons/Theories 73. anxiety 74. pressure/strain 75. 76. profit(s)/ benefit(s) 77. 78. 79. positive 80. Scoring rate 71. 0% 72. 53% 73. 79% 74. 89% 75. 11% 76. 82% 77. 7% 78. 14% 79. 53% 80. 7% 概括 原词 词形变化 原词 词形变化 词形变化 同义转换 同义转换 原词 同义转换

5. 71. 概括 Are immigrants (移民) good or bad for the economy? The American public strongly thinks they're bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a difference between the awareness of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? The American public strongly thinks they're bad. Yet the opinion among most economists is that immigration provides a small net（净利）increase to the economy. different? differ? differently

6. 75. 词性变化+反义 Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. secure safe security? securities? insecurities? insecure?

7. 77. 同义转换 To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? … Indeed, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter ? … • Businesses and employers get the most (76) profits, which may lead to lower prices of some goods, but customers don’t (77) ________ that way . think

8. 78. 同义转换 Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants' access to certain benefits. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition(敌对) is strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worries them most is the financial burden of immigration. Researchers have found strong evidence that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which limited immigrants' access to certain benefits. • … which is strongly (78) ________ by research findings. • What the high-skilled, better educated employees concern most is the financial burden, which is strongly (78) ______ by research findings. proved

9. 80. 同义转换 Too bad most people don't realize it. • …. Unfortunately, most people (80) ______ to realize it. fail hardly? not? hard? unable? difficult? never? haven’t? can’t? intend? 定位要准确 比对要仔细 单词=意思+词性

10. 72. 原词 There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. There are a number of familiar theories. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. Theories Explanations Reasons

11. 73. 词形变化 Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. anxiety

12. 74. 原词 Others highlight the pressure that illegal immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. … illegal immigrants place the pressure on public services, … pressure

13. 76. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? … 词形变化 To get a better understanding of the issue, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Indeed, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? … businesses and employers profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor profit(s) benefit(s) • Businesses and employers get the most (76) _________, which may lead to lower prices of some goods, but customers don’t (77) ________ that way.

14. 79. 原词 Overheated as the debate is, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for the low-skilled workers, or California residents, the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to control our assumptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. • The overall impact of immigration turns out to be a net (79) ____. Unfortunately, most people (80) ______ to realize it. positive

15. Writing Examine the requirements 近期，几起校园事件引起了广泛的关注。请阅读下面背景资料，并根据问题，用英文写一篇短文向学校英文报投稿。 A student Huang, at Fudan University, died on April 16 after drinking the poisoned water in his dorm. His classmate committed the crime for having quarreled with Huang over “trivial matters(琐事).” Both were said to be excellent students. Another death happened on the same day in Nanhang Jincheng College. A student Yuan, absorbed in computer games, didn’t open the door for his roommate Jiang. Later, they had a fierce argument, in which Jiang was stabbed(刺) to death. Both had a good academic record. How did you feel when you learnt the news? What might be the causes of the school violence? In your opinion, what should be done to prevent similar incidents from the perspectives(角度) of schools, parents and the students themselves? 注意：词数150左右。开头已写好，不计入总次数。 参考词汇:awareness of the law 法律意识 psychological心理的 campus校园的 Recently, two campus deaths have aroused wide public concern. __________________________________________________________ P1.Your feeling P2. Causes of the campus violence P3. Measures: ①schools ②parents ③students

16. P1. Your feeling Problems: Writing something not required. Not writing about the point sufficiently. A student Huang was poisoned to death by his classmates at Fudan University because of “trivial matters”, both of whom were said to be excellent students. Another student Yuan was stabbed to death by his roommate Jiang in Nahang College, both of whom had a good academic record. I felt shocked when I heard the news. How to write more? Why did you feel shocked? How did you feel about the victims’ parents or the criminals? Why? Didn't you feel frightened and worried? Ask yourself WH questions from various angles!

17. P2. Causes of the campus violence Problem: No obvious key sentence. ……………………………………… This is the first main reason. The second reason is ……….. Several factors contribute to the deaths. The first main reason is that ………………… Secondly,……… In addition, … Do use transition words. How do you get the main idea when fast reading a text? Where do you want it to appear? Write a key sentence at the beginning of a paragraph.

18. P3. Measures to prevent similar incidents from the perspectives of schools, parents and the students Problem: Mentioning only one aspect (students). Faced with these problems, we should take some measures to solve them.To begin with,we should choose those as our friends who have good character and kind heart. We should treat our friends politely and help them as much as possible. Second,we can have a talk with your classmate who have misunderstood you. What’s more,I believe that you can give your friends some advice, and it will be a success.

19. Writing Format When I heard the news, I felt ……………… …………………………………………..… 1. Your feeling 2. Causes of the campus violence Several factors might contribute to the campus violence. First of all, …………… Second, …………... In addition, ………………. 3. Measures to prevent similar incidents In my opinion, it is time that measures should be taken. One the one hand, ……….… On the other hand, …………………………….. Moreover, ………………….

20. Learn and improve use clauses Students should take control of their moods, which is the key to avoiding such conflicts. (Wang Manqing) Students who are cared too much by their parents often have bad temper. (Miao Lianxiang) If we have a healthy psychological state, we can handle problems better. (Pan Min) use participle phrases Hearing this, I can’t help wondering what might be the causes of the school violence. (Wang Qian ) Schools should also contribute to students’ relationship, teaching them measures to handle conflicts. (Ying Qian) Faced with these problems, we should take measures to solve them. (Tao Ran)

21. Practice • Join the following sentences. • 1. Many parents have only one child. They love their children too much. It may make their children selfish. • 2. Some university students lack awareness of law. • They don’t realize the consequences of their behaviors. Many parents ______________________ love their children too much, _______________ them selfish. who have only one child which makes ／making Some university students lack awareness of law, ______ they don’t realize the consequences of their behaviors. so Some university students lack awareness of law, not ___________ the consequences of their behaviors. realizing

22. variety in sentence patterns and expressions Not only was I sad for the victims’ parents, but I also felt ashamed for the students who committed the crime. (Wang Manqing) Only in this way can we have a peaceful school life. (Ying Qian) I felt shocked when I learnt the excellent students had been killed because of trivial matters. What a pity! (Zhang Lili) Schools are supposed to focus on improving students’ awareness of law while parents need to know their children better. As students, we should take control of our moods. (Wang Yujia)

23. Practice Fill in the blank with proper adjectives as many as possible. To our friends, we should be _______ (adj). 2. Write various expressions with similar meaning of “同学;朋友;伙伴” friendly / kind / polite / considerate / tolerant / patient / caring / gentle / helpful … classmate /deskmate / roommate / dormmate / peer / friend /companion / buddy…

24. Pay attention: “有人做某事。” ; “做某事是重要。” Get them right! There are some factors lead to this event. There are some factors leading to this event Some factors lead to this event. Strengthen their awareness of the law is important. Strengthening their awareness of the law is important. It is important to strengthen their awareness of the law.

25. Vocabulary support 法律意识 awareness of the law 团队意识 sense of teamwork 心理健康 psychological/ mental health 人际关系 interpersonal relationship 事件 incident; event; case; tragedy 控制情绪 control one’s moods 合作分享v. cooperate and share 处理 v. handle; deal with 加强 v. strengthen 促进 v. promote; boost 提高改善 v. improve; better

26. Writing task: each translates one part. Part 1 当我得知这个消息的时候，我感到震惊。我从未想过这样的悲剧会发生在大学里。同时我也为受害者的父母感到难过。他们一定很难接受这样的现实。我想知道，有这么好的学习成绩的学生怎会杀害室友。 Part 2 有几个方面的因素导致了校园暴力。首先，有些学生尽管成绩好，但缺乏足够的法律意识，对生命没有足够的尊重。其次，多数学生是家里的独生子女，他们关心自己多于他人，有些人变得自私、以自我为中心。而且，有不少学生缺乏团队意识，不懂得合作和分享。 Part 3 依我看，该是采取措施防止此类事件发生的时间了。一方面，学校应该加强法制教育并关注学生的心理健康。另一方面，家长要常与孩子交流，更好地了解孩子。给他们提一些处理人际关系的建议。另外，作为学生，我们要关心他人，对同学友好、宽容。学会控制自己的情绪。

27. What contribute to good interpersonal relationship? gratitude, generosity, appreciation, tolerance, friendliness, kindness, respect, care, support… Gratitude is the best attitude.  Kind hearts are the gardens,Kind thoughts are the roots,Kind words are the blossoms,Kind deeds are the fruits. ~19th century rhyme used in primary schools

28. Homework Complete the assignments on the sheet. (use your own ideas in your writing if you like)