AP US CH 26 "Great West & the Agricultural Revolution" 1865-1896

1. AP US CH 26 "Great West & the Agricultural Revolution" 1865-1896

2. AP US HISTORYCH 26“GREAT WEST & THEAGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION”1865-1896

3. CLASH OF CULTURESON THE PLAINS • Am pop growing but west still open by the 1880’s. • Indians (NA) POP 360,000 by 1860. • Most NA scattered along Trans-Missouri West.

5. A • Clashes inevitable: Industrialization vs. NA’s. • Apaches, Comanche, Cheyenne, Sioux all enter into phases of conflict.

7. A. • NA culture were under attack by • 1. Disease. • 2. shrinking pop of Bison. • Fed gov’t tried to pacify the Plain Indians by Treaties.

9. A • 2 Treaties marked beginning of the reservation system • 1. Treaty of Fort Laramie (lar-a–me) 1851 • 2. Treaty of Fort Atkinson 1853

10. 1868 treaty of fort laramie sioux guaranteed reservation but 1874 gold in black hills of sd

11. A. • 1860 fed gov intensified treaty policy. • Great Sioux Reservation in Dakota territory & Oklahoma territory.

13. A • NA surrendered their ancestral land only when promised by fed gov’t that they would be left alone & provided w/ supplies. • Post CW fighting between US Army & NA’s fiercely raged in mid west a.k.a. the Indian War’s (IW’S)

15. B. RECEDING NATIVE POP. • IW’s (1860’s-1890’s) were savage. • 1864 Sand Creek Massacre (Colorado): US Col. JM Chivington massacred 400 NA’s (Cheyenne) • Women shot while praying, children brains bashed out & braves tortured, scalped, & mutilated.

17. Sitting Bull and Family Outside Tepee

20. B • Revenge 1866 by Sioux. They try to block construction of Bozemans Trail. • Sioux ambush Capt. William Fetterman, kill 81 soldiers in Wyoming Bighorn Mts.

21. gen. george armstrong custer

22. B. • Sioux left no survivors, one soldiers face spitted w/ 105 arrows. • George Armstrong Custer, x CW General, now in US Cavalry turned Indian fighter wrote ”Fettermans annihilation awakened a bitter feeling towards the savage perpetrators”

24. B • By 1874 a new round of warfare started up against the Plain Indians. • A scientific expo in Black Hills of SD was led by Col. George Custer

25. B. • Scientific expo was on Sioux Reservation, gold was discovered. • SD will be saturated by gold seekers. • Sioux go on the war path. • Sioux forces=2,500. Custer's forces=264. • Battle of Little Bighorn 1876. Custer's 7th Cavalry forces completely wiped out.

27. the battle of little big horn 1876

29. custers last stand

30. The Black Hills and the Battle of Little Big Horn (04:36)

31. B. • Nez Perce Indians lead by Chief Joseph will be forced into a fight by 1877 by U.S. Calvary (reason: forced onto reservation). • Chief Joseph hoped for a rendezvous with Sitting Bull after he took refuge after Little Bighorn. • Chief Joseph finally surrendered 1877 forced onto Kansas Reservation.

32. nez perce chief joseph "I will fight no more forever"

33. kansas reservation 1877

34. B • Apache Indians of New Mexico and Arizona will join in on the IW • They are led by Chief Geronimo who despises the white man. • Geronimo will surrender in 1886, forced on reservations throughout FL, AL, and OK.

35. chief geronimo apache

38. B • The taming of the NA’s was done through 3 ways: • 1. RR • 2. Disease • 3. Loss of Bison

39. Apache prisoners, including Geronimo (first row, third from right), seated on an embankment outside their railroad car in Arizona in 1886.

40. C. BELLOWING HERDS OF BISON • Millions of buffalo populated the plains when white Americans arrived. • They provided: • 1. Food • 2. Fuel (buffalo chips) • 3. Clothing (hides) • Post CW 15,000,000 buffalo on the plains.

42. C • 1868 KS Pacific RR had to wait 8 hours for passing buffalo. • Wm “Buffalo Bill” Cody killed over 4,000 buffs in 18 mo. while working for KS Pacific RR

44. C • Buff were killed for 4 things: • 1. tongues • 2. hides • 3. sportsmanship • 4. slaughtered for lust and excitement • By 1885 buf endanger of complete extinction. Less than 1,000 alive.

47. D. END OF THE TRAIL • Helen Hunt Jackson, writer of children's literature wrote “Century of Dishonor” 1881 • Her book discusses the Gov’t ruthless policy in dealing with the Indians/Moral Sense awakened. • She also wrote a novel called “Ramona” 1884, a love story of injustice of CA Indians.

48. helen hunt jackson

49. D • Christian reformers try to Christianize NA’s, through reform schools. • They withheld food, force NA’s to give up tribal religion and assimilate into white society. • 1884 reformers urge Fed Gov’t to force NA’s to give up sacred “Sun Dance” and “Ghost Dance”

50. ghost dance