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DO NOW ANSWERS

This text discusses the discovery of cells, starting with the invention of the microscope, and the development of the cell theory. It also explores the different types of cells and their classification in different kingdoms.

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DO NOW ANSWERS

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  1. DO NOW ANSWERS • When you switch from low to high power, the field of view decreases which causes the brightness to decrease. • How can you fix this? • Adjust the diaphragm • The cell is the basic unit of life BUT WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? • It means that it builds ALL living things and it is capable of performing ALL life processes

  2. Tuesday 1/13/15 • AIM: How did scientists discover cells? • DO NOW: List as many cells as possible. • Homework: read 152-153. reading check pg 153

  3. How did we discover the cell? The microscope

  4. The Invention of the Microscope - YouTube

  5. Who discovered the first microscope 1590 Hans and Zacharias Janssen Ground up glass and used it to magnify

  6. Robert Hooke discovered cell 1605-1703

  7. Looked at cork plant Noticed it was separated into tiny compartments which resembled jail cell 1605 Robert Hooke

  8. One of the first users discovered protozoa Anton von Leeuwenhoek Ground up glass

  9. Discovered living things in pond water Small single celled organisms Ameba and paramecium 1676 Anton von Leewenhoek

  10. Matheis Schleiden 1838 • ALL plants are made up of cells not just the cork plant

  11. 1839 Theodor Schwann • Looked at animal tissue and saw that animals also were made up of cells

  12. Francisco Redi • Living things come from other living things • Maggots come from flies which lay eggs on decaying meat

  13. 1855 Rudolf virchow • Cells come from preexisting cells

  14. The cell theory • An explanation or theory about living things • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells • The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms • Cells come from preexisting cells

  15. Assessment • Explain how the microscope helped in the development of the cell theory • List in order the scientists that helped develop the microscope

  16. AIM: What are the different types of cells in the world? • DO NOW: Create a timeline of events that led up to the development of the cell theory • HW: Textbook read pages 151-153. Answer the reading check question on page 151 and 153. DO NOT FORGET TO WRITE OUT THE QUESTION AND THE ANSWER

  17. In your own words, explain the definition of a cell • Basic unit of life • Builds all living things • Capable of performing all life functions • Can exist alone as a single celled organism or combine to create multi-cellular organisms

  18. The Cell

  19. The cell: the basic unit of life Prokaryote Eukaryote

  20. AIM: how does the type of cell determine the classification of an organism? • DO NOW: observe the two cells below. List all of the similarities and differences of the cells.

  21. Picture B Picture A

  22. Prokaryotes: • Prokaryote (Greek - Before Nucleus) Prokaryotes were first group of organic organisms to evolve 3.8 BYA Prokaryote cells lack membrane bound nuclei, and organelles and reproduce asexually • ALL PROKARYOTES ARE SINGLE CELLED

  23. Asexual reproduction of Prokaryotes Budding: small identical bud grows and pinches off Binary fission: cell splits in two Both produce genetically identical cells

  24. AIM: How are living things placed into Kingdoms? • DO NOW: Explain the difference in the genetic arrangement of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. • HOMEWORK:Textbook Read pages 156-157. Answer questions 1,3,4 on page 161

  25. AIM: How can we determine the difference between organisms within different Kingdoms? • DO NOW:THE CELL 5. Read pages 77-80. AS YOU READ, UNDERLINE THE MAIN POINT OF EACH PARAGRAPH. Answer questions1-4 pg 80. • HOMEWORK: Textbook Read pages 156-157. What does the cytoskeleton do? How does DNA direct activity in the cytoplasm? What organelles participate in protein production?

  26. Cell types • Prokaryote • Kingdom EuBacteria • Kingdom Archaebacteria • Eukaryote • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plant • Kingdom Animal

  27. Plasmid • Bacterial plasmids are used in genetic engineering • A human gene can be inserted into a bacterial plasmid in order to make the human protein • Ex: Insulin

  28. Plasmid Isolation - Extraction of plasmid from a bacterial cell (Amrita University) - YouTube

  29. Eukaryotic cells Means “True Nucleus” Plant, Animal, Protists, Fungi All contain membrane bound organelles Organelle: tiny organ Functioning parts of the cell All eukaryotic cells are surrounded by an extra cellular matrix There are 2 types we will discuss, plants and animal cells

  30. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? Organization of the nucleus Cell size Membrane bound organelles

  31. AIM: What are some properties of organisms in each KINGDOM? • DO NOW: Explain why the Monera Kingdom has been eliminated and what are the two new Kingdoms that took its place? • HOMEWORK: HANDOUT The cell. Read pages 82-85. Give a brief description of the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm.

  32. KingdomEubacteria ALL single celled bacteria heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemotrophic Prokaryote or Eukaryote Normal every day bacteria

  33. Example of Eubacteria: E.Coli

  34. Streptococcus • Eubacteria that causes strept throat

  35. AIM: How can we determine the difference between organisms within different Kingdoms? • DO NOW:THE CELL 5. Read pages 77-80. AS YOU READ, UNDERLINE THE MAIN POINT OF EACH PARAGRAPH. Answer questions1-4 pg 80. • HOMEWORK: Textbook Read pages 156-157. What does the cytoskeleton do? How does DNA direct activity in the cytoplasm? What organelles participate in protein production?

  36. How do Eubacteria obtain food?

  37. Feeding Behavior • Heterotrophsabsorb organic materials down in both living and dead organisms. • Autotrophs can make their own food by photosynthesis. • Chemotrophs get their food by breaking down inorganic matter.

  38. Cyanobacteria • Photosynthetic • Eubacteria • Used to be called blue-green algae

  39. AIM:How can we determine the different characteristics of eukaryotes in different Kingdoms • DO NOW: Explain the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph • HOMEWORK: Read the rest of The Cell handout and answer the questions page 90 1-5

  40. Is the Dead Sea Dying? - Video - TIME.com

  41. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Prokaryotic bacteria that live in EXTREME environments • Halophiles • Thermophiles • Methanogens

  42. Halophiles • Can survive in extreme salty environments such as the dead sea

  43. Thermophiles • Archaebacteria that live in extremely HOT environments

  44. Methanogens • Make methane gas

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