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History of waste disposal

History of waste disposal. J.H. Saling and A.W. Fentiman, “Radioactive Waste Management,” Second Edition, (Taylor & Francis, NY  London) 2002. . J.H. Saling and A.W. Fentiman, “Radioactive Waste Management,” Second Edition, (Taylor & Francis, NY  London) 2002. . Old Disposal Sites.

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History of waste disposal

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  1. History of waste disposal

  2. J.H. Saling and A.W. Fentiman, “Radioactive Waste Management,” Second Edition, (Taylor & Francis, NY London) 2002.

  3. J.H. Saling and A.W. Fentiman, “Radioactive Waste Management,” Second Edition, (Taylor & Francis, NY London) 2002.

  4. Old Disposal Sites • Open trenches • No linings • Very little processing • No standards on containers • NO QA/QC • No records • Liquids

  5. Results • Broken containers • Collapsed containers • Leaks

  6. Regulatory agencies • ICRP • NCRP • NRC • DOT • DOE • EPA • ANSI • Agreement State

  7. ICRP • Publication 77- Radiation Protection Policy for Disposal of Radioactive Waste • Dose to the public from disposal of waste • Justification • Optimization • Collective dose

  8. NCRP • Publication 152- Performance Assessment of Near Surface Facilities for Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste • Covers the scope of performance assessments • Conducting performance assessments • Components of performance assessment • Cover performance • Concrete barrier • Flow and transport of surface and ground water • Source terms • Exposure pathways

  9. NRC • 10 CFR 20 Standards for Radiation Protection • Regulates the use and licensing of radioactive material • Does not regulate disposal of the material

  10. DoT • Regulates packaging of waste • Placards • Paperwork • Packages • Type A • Type B • Casks

  11. DoE • Does not have to follow NRC and other agencies but does • Responsible for all DoE generated wastes and well as civilian spent fuel Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) 1982 • Takes care of it s own waste • Develops new waste disposal techniques

  12. EPA • Regulates standards for off site releases of radioactive materials • NWPA states that EPA will promulgate applicable standards for the protection of the environment • Air • Water

  13. ANSI • Standards for any process that involves radioactive waste • 55.1-1979 Solid radioactive waste Processing systems for Light Water-Cooled Reactors • 55.4-1979 Gaseous radioactive waste Processing systems for Light Water-Cooled Reactors • 55.6-1979 Liquid radioactive waste Processing systems for Light Water-Cooled Reactors

  14. Agreement States • Agreement between the NRC and State that the State will regulate their own material. • Some material is not regulated by State • Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act (1985) • Made states responsible for waste disposal • Compacts

  15. Questions

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