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Origins of ASTeC

Origins of ASTeC. Mike Poole Former ASTeC Director. Origins of Particle Accelerators. 1898 Discovery of radium (a, b, g) 7.6 MeV 1909 Geiger/Marsden MeV a backscattering - Manchester 1927 Rutherford demands accelerator development

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Origins of ASTeC

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  1. Origins of ASTeC Mike Poole Former ASTeC Director

  2. Origins of Particle Accelerators • 1898 Discovery of radium (a, b, g) 7.6 MeV • 1909 Geiger/Marsden MeVa backscattering - Manchester • 1927Rutherford demands accelerator development Particle accelerator studies start - Cavendish • 1929Cockcroft and Walton start high voltage experiments • 1932 The prize achieved: Cockcroft + Walton split Li !!!! ‘High’ voltage generation – brute force UK grid initiated (132 kV)and industrial base started

  3. Walton, Rutherford, Cockcroft - 1932 Start of the modern era – particle accelerators NOBEL PRIZE ! Note: Barts hospital 1MV oncology - 1937

  4. Resonant Accelerator Solutions Wideroe – synchronism and bunching (1928) Original CERN linac - 1958 Development stalled before WWII by RF technology 60” Berkeley D-shaped RF cavities Lawrence Cyclotron: Nobel Prize ! Energy limit~ 1 GeV 16 MeV deuterons (1939)

  5. Pioneering UK Developments • Cyclotrons • 1939 Liverpool 37” 20 MeVChadwick + WWII • 1949 Harwell 110” 175 MeV(SC) • 1954 Liverpool 156” 380 MeVfirst extraction (SC) • Linacs • 1947 Harwell 3.5 MeVelectrons ! • 1953 Hammersmith 8 MeVMet-Vicks • 1958 Harwell 55 MeVMet-Vicks (reactor data) • Early industrial involvement • Early medical applications 65 MeVClatterbridge

  6. UK Synchrotron R&D and Projects • 1945 Dept of Atomic Energy formed. • 1946 Harwell created. Panel on ‘Apparatus for Accelerating Particles’ suggests 1 GeVsynchrotron. Birmingham Cambridge Glasgow Liverpool London Oxford TRE NPL Royal Arsenal MRC Industry First electron synchrotron operates at Woolwich - betatron conversion: 8 MeV • 1947 Harwell 30 MeV(2) prototypes • 1950 Malvern 20 MeV • 1951-53 CERN PS studies at Harwell • 1952 Oxford 125 MeV (e) (English Electric) • 1953 Birmingham 1 GeV (p) • 1954 Glasgow 340 MeV (e) (Met-Vicks) • 1963 NIMROD 7 GeV (p) (Harwell lead design) • 1966 NINA 5 GeV(e) (Liverpool lead design – last HEI role) • 1970-74 EPIC 80 GeV, 20 GeV(e,p) (Cancelled but valuable) • 1980 SRS 2 GeV (e) • 1984 ISIS 0.8 GeV (p) • 1990 HELIOS 0.7 GeV(e) • 2007 Diamond 3 GeV(e)

  7. Status in 1990’s • UK had long traditions in particle accelerator development • Domestic particle physics applications gone • Independent development of major facilities - photons and neutrons • Skills base concentrated on Facility support • High brightness electron beam expertise (eg DAPS, Sinbad, Diamond) • High intensity proton beam expertise (eg ESS) • Flexible design resource not available • Small residual HEI contribution isolated from centres at DL and RAL • Few international collaborations

  8. UK Reawakening • In 1998 Ken Peach proposed R&D programme, including HEI participation • Joint CCLRC/PPARC programme funded 1999-2002 (£450k pa) • Linear Collider Neutrino Factory Generic Technology • This pump primed major programmes funded later by SR2002 • ASTeC created in 2001, following SR2000 • Vision was international centre of excellence

  9. CCLRC 2001 Operating Plan “ ...to provide technological centres of excellence in support of national and international user facilities.” Strategy Implementation, Objective 2 “Particle accelerators underpin the production of the synchrotron radiation, neutrons and muons used for basic and applied science studies, and of the high energy particles needed for fundamental physics studies. The longer term requirements include the European Spallation Source, new generation SR facilities and next generation machines required for fundamental particle physics research. Although these machines will be internationally sponsored and they are likely to be sited elsewhere it is essential that the UK be able to take part in their development. Hence the importance of maintaining a national capability that is at the leading edge.” “SR2000 and the Quinquenniel Review of CCLRC recognised the strategic role CCLRC should play in the accelerator technology underpinning the UK’s use of large-scale facilities. The Accelerator Science and Technology Centre will cross the boundaries of existing facilities and seek to be the UK resource base for leading edge accelerator science and technology. It will ensure that the UK, through CCLRC, has the internationally competitive expertise to provide the underpinning R&D and design capability for future accelerator-based national projects and international collaborations.” Programme Development in 2001-2003

  10. Programme and Resources • Set up quickly – on 1 April 2001 • Proposals from H G Price, V P Suller and M W Poole • Stand alone programme of exciting projects (quasi-autonomous) • Diamond, LC, HPPA, CASIM/4GLS, technology • Limited support for SRS/ISIS operations • Staffed initially from SR Department but always planned federal solution • DV funding of core activities, supplemented by grants and transfers • Budget of £2M and 20 staff with uplifts (£750k core) • Initial structure based on SRS legacy • Beam dynamics • RF systems • Ultrahigh vacuum science • Advanced diagnostics • Novel magnetics – insertion devices (Buy in engineering etc)

  11. ASTeC Launch • Major PR event at DTI Conference Centre, London • November 2002 • Minister (Lord Sainsbury) + DGRC (John Taylor) + Sir Peter Williams, John Wood, Albrecht Wagner Demonstration of Government commitment

  12. Review of First Decade • Does a culture promoting AST exist in the UK ? • Has ASTeC achieved planned international status ? • Has the national capability been sustained ? • Can advanced design studies be delivered ? • Have significant R&D programmes been possible ? • Have effective collaborations been demonstrated ? • Have the funding agencies given adequate resources ?

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