The American Revolution

1. The American Revolution Unit 1 Fall 2011

2. Monday, August 22, 2011 • Standard: SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. • Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. • Explain colonial response to such British actions as the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts as seen in the Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence. • Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence. Essential Question: How did the French and Indian War lead to conflict between the American colonists and leaders in Great Britain? Agenda: • Bell work • Finish video • Notes: The Causes of the American Revolution • Chart: Primary Causes of the American Revolution • Writing assignment: What were the causes of the American Revolution? How did the French and Indian War contribute to the war? You are a colonist, write a letter the king about your complaints and concerns. • HW: complete questions on page 43

3. The French and Indian War • 1754- Rivalry between the French and English over the control of North America • Spring 1759, the British begin a campaign to take Quebec, the capital of New France. • By 1761, the British have taken all the French posts and forts along the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River.

4. Treaty of Paris of 1763 • 1763, representatives from Spain, an ally of France, and the two warring countries meet in Paris to sign the Treaty of Paris (1763). • The French gave all land in Canada to the British and released all claim to the land east of the Mississippi- except New Orleans which the French had given to the Spanish in a secret treaty the year before. • The British returned Cuba to the Spanish, which they had captured during the war, and received Florida.

5. Proclamation of 1763 • Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains • Put territory under British military control • Intended to manage Britain’s new territories and ensure peace with Native Americans

6. New British Taxes and Laws • Sugar Act, • Quartering Act • Stamp Act – Tax levied on goods and services • Required the purchase of special paper for legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and almanacs. • Townsend Acts • Established indirect taxes on goods imported from Britain by the British colonists in North America

8. The Colonist Fight Back • Stamp Act Congress • Issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances • Sons of Liberty • Organized by Samuel Adams in resistance of the Stamp Act • Boston Massacre • In Boston a protest erupted into violence and British soldiers killed five colonists. • Committees of Correspondence • One of the groups set up by American colonists to exchange information about British threats to their liberties. • Boston Tea Party • The dumping of 15,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor by the colonists • Intolerable Acts (reaction to Boston Tea Party) • A series of laws enacted by Parliament in 1774 to punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party • Boston placed under martial law • First Continental Congress • Delegates met to draw up a declaration of colonial rights.

10. Tuesday, August 23, 2011 • Standard: SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. • Explain the language, organization and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and the role of Thomas Jefferson • Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and Marquis Lafayette • Essential Question: What idea’s presented in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence affected by political and economic views of the American colonist? • Bell work • Unpack standard • Discuss cause and effect chart • Notes: Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution • Dramatic reading: Declaration of Independence • Reading: Declaration of Independence

11. The Revolution Begins • Lexington and Concord – 1st battle of the American Revolution. • Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott • Second Continental Congress • Met in 1775, John Adams suggested that each colony set up its own government and Congress declared the colonies independent. • Olive Branch Petition • Petition sent to King George by Congress. • Congress urging a return to former harmony

13. Political Philosophers John Locke • Two Treatises of Government • Government rules by consent of the governed. • If government does not meet the people’s needs, they can change it. • All persons are guaranteed natural rights. (life, liberty, property) • All persons are born free, equal, and independent.

14. Political Philosophers Baron de Montesquieu • Best government for a group depends on that group. • Political authority divided into executive, legislative, and judicial powers. • Government does not have to permanent. • Wrote The Spirit of Laws

15. An anonymous essay published in pamphlet form that attacked King George Written by Thomas Paine – he wrote in a simple, direct style Pamphlet persuaded readers to support a complete break from Britain Appeared at the time of the Second Continental Congress Common Sense

17. Declaration of Independence • Drafted after George III refuse the Olive Branch Petition • 1776- The Congress appointed a committee to prepare a statement of the reasons for the separation • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Preamble • Explained the purpose of the document and was followed by a section explaining that people have natural rights. • The third section listed the wrongs the colonists believed the British king had committed • Rule of Law – Jefferson wrote that public official must make decisions based on law, not on their personal wishes

18. The British • The upside • well equipped, disciplined, trained army, well supplied by Navy, support of 50,000 colonial loyalists, promised freedom to slaves who would help, Indian support, mercenaries • The downside • Unpopular war in Britain – they resented paying taxes to fight the war, sympathized with Americans, fought in unfamiliar conditions

19. The Americans • The upside • Fighting on their territory, officers were familiar with fighting tactics from French & Indian War, George Washington was an excellent general, had support of African-Americans • The downside • Lacked a well-supplied, stable, and effective fighting force, inexperienced soldiers

20. Crossing the Delaware • While the Declaration of Independence was being written, the war raged on • George Washington was chosen as the leader of the Continental Army and made the best of his untrained army and lack of supplies • Despite this, Washington’s men were defeated in the battle for New York in August 1776 • Washington and his men were forced to cross the Delaware River into Pennsylvania in late fall • By that time, the vast majority of Washington’s men had either deserted or been killed or captured – fewer than 8,000 men remained under Washington’s command and their terms of enlistment were set to end on Dec. 31 • Washington needed a victory to keep his men from going home • The Americans rallied to victory at Trenton at Christmas 1776

21. Crossing of the Delaware River

22. Wednesday, August 24, 2011 • Essential Question: How did foreign support help the cause of Americans in the Revolutionary War? • Standard: SSUSH5 The student will identify the ideological, military and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. • Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin and the Marquis de Lafayette Agenda • Bell work • Unpack the standard • Check homework • Students will be assigned a major event of the American Revolution and prepare to present it to the class. • The students will present their event and place it on the timeline provided. • Students will begin watching- America: The story of US

23. Thursday, August 24, 2011 • Essential Question: How did foreign support help the cause of the Americans in the Revolutionary War? • Bell work • Check homework (Discuss DoIand vocab) • Watch video: The Revolution • Bingo: Review for test • Essay Questions:

24. Possible Essay Questions • Identify and explain the major events that contributed to the causes of the American Revolution. • Compare and contrast the Middle, Southern and New England colonies. Include information about the founding, religion and economy.

25. Friday, August 26, 2011 • Check notebooks • Unit 1 Test • Questions about the Articles of Confederation.