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Learn about the organization of the periodic table and the properties of different element groups, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogen family, noble gas family, lanthanides, and actinides.
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Organization of the PT • We said earlier that there are 18 VERTICAL COLUMNScalled a FAMILY or GROUPandall members have similar physical and chemical properties. Each family has a FAMILYname.
There are 7 HORIZONTAL ROWS of elements called PERIODS or SERIES. • They are generally not given names except for the TWO ROWS AT THE BOTTOM(Lanthanide and Actinide Series).
Instructions…do not write this as notes.AS YOU LABEL WRITE SMALL…THERE’S A LOT OF INFORMATION TO ADD. • On your sample periodic table, number the left to right FAMILIES or GROUPS (1-18) across the top and the up and down PERIODS or SERIES (1-7) as shown on the next slide.
1 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Instructions…do not write this as notes. • Begin labeling the NAMES of the FAMILES or GROUPS of the periodic table and write the short description of each on the BACK of the table.
Group 1 – Alkali Metals • The Alkali Metals are soft, silver colored metals that react strongly with water. • Stored under oil. • Not found free in nature … always part of a compound. • Important examples are Sodium (salt) and Potassium (needed for heart and muscle health.
Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals • The Alkaline Earth Metals are series of silvery-gray metals that react with water, but not as violently as the alkali metals. • Some important examples are Calcium (needed for bone health) and Magnesium(both a nutrient and used in construction).
Groups 3-12 The Transition Metal Elements • Groups 3-12 represent a number of metals that behave in a very similar fashion in chemical reactions. • The Transition Metals form brightly colored compounds used as paint pigments among other things. • Some important examples are Copper (money/pipes), Zinc (nutrient and construction), Iron (nutrient and steel making), Gold and Silver (jewelry).
Groups 3-12 The Transition Metals • A variety of metal elements that have many uses. Form brightly colored compounds when they react with other elements.
Group 13 – Boron Family • The Boron Family is a group of metals with industrial uses in detergents (boron) and construction (aluminum). • Gallium metal will melt in your hand!
Group 14 – The Carbon Family • The Carbon Family has many important elements. Carbon is the basis of life. Silicon and Germanium are used in electronics, Tin and Lead in construction.
Group 15 – The Nitrogen Family • The Nitrogen Family contains both non-metals and metalloid elements. • Nitrogen makes up about 78% of air, Arsenic is used as a poison, Bismuth in Pepto Bismol.
Group 16 – The Oxygen Family • Contains non-metals and metalloids. • Oxygen required for life. Sulfur is a main element in proteins. Polonium is radioactive.
Group 17 – The Halogen Family • The only group with gas, liquid and solid elements. • Name means “salt-forming”. • Chlorine is a disinfectant, fluorine is important for healthy teeth, iodine is needed for proper thyroid function.
Group 18 – The Noble Gas Family • The only family that is all gases. • Don’t react with other elements normally. • All odorless and colorless. • Helium is a carrier, Neon in lights, Xenon is used to insulates glass. Radon is radioactive and is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking.
Lanthanides Actinides
The STAIR STEP LINE (Zig-Zag Line) roughly separates the METALS from the NON-METALS.
There are about 106 elements shown on most Periodic Tables: • About 85 elements are METALS. • There are TWO LIQUID ELEMENTS – MERCURY (metal) and BROMINE (non-metal) • There are 11 GAS ELEMENTS: All of Family 18 (Noble Gases) along with FLUORINE and CHLORINEin Family 17, and OXYGEN, NITROGEN and HYDROGEN. .
