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Elements and compounds in living organisms and Macromolecules

Elements and compounds in living organisms and Macromolecules. ELEMENTS IN LIVING ORGANISMS. The commonest chemical elements of life are: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N). CHON. What do these words mean?. Micro. MACRO. Carbohydrates.

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Elements and compounds in living organisms and Macromolecules

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  1. Elements and compounds in living organisms and Macromolecules

  2. ELEMENTS IN LIVING ORGANISMS • The commonest chemical elements of life are: • Carbon (C) • Hydrogen (H) • Oxygen (O) • Nitrogen (N) CHON

  3. What do these words mean? Micro MACRO

  4. Carbohydrates

  5. The shape of Glucose is a hexagonal ring

  6. glucose Monosaccharide: one sugar unit

  7. Lipids

  8. Lipid structure A fatty acid molecule has two distinct regions: a Long, hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain, and a carboxylic acid group, extremely reactive and hydrophilic.

  9. Lipids Functions of lipids: • Energy Storage: In the form of fat in humans and oil in plants. • Heat insulation: A layer of fat under the skin reduces heat loss. • Buoyancy: lipids are less dense than water so help animals to float.

  10. Carbohydrates and Lipids in Energy Storage Carbohydrates: energy storage over short periods Lipids: for long term storage

  11. Proteins

  12. Proteins (Polypeptides) • Amino acids (20 different kinds of aa) bonded together by peptide bonds(polypeptides). • Six functions of proteins: 1. Storage: albumin (egg white) 2. Transport: hemoglobin 3. Regulatory: hormones 4. Movement: muscles 5. Structural: membranes, hair, nails 6. Enzymes: cellular reactions

  13. AMINOACIDS Amino acids are molecules that contain a basic amino (NH2) group, an acidic carboxyl (COOH) group and a side chain attached to an alpha carbon atom (NH2) Amino Group

  14. AMINOACID Amino acid: One of the 20 building blocks of protein. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and, hence, the function of that protein are determined by the genetic code in the DNA.

  15. Hemoglobin Structure

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