World History 1500 to Present

1. World History 1500 to Present Unit 4 Vocbulary: Growth of Western Democracies, End of Old Empires, Causes and Effects of WWI SOLs: WHII 8 a-c; 9 a-c; 10a

2. Colonies • This is an expensive form of imperialism in which a mother country sets up a bureaucracy to govern the locals. Under this form, rule can be either direct or indirect

3. Forms of Imperialism • Colonies: think British colonies in America (we were British, spoke English, drank tea, had representative assemblies, and observed British common laws) • Protectorates: • Spheres of Influence:

4. Protectorates • In this form of imperialism, local rulers are left in place with the understanding that they would accept advice of rulers from abroad, especially on trade, military or cultural issues.

5. Forms of Imperialism • Colonies • Protectorates: cheaper to establish this kind of control than a colony, de facto inclusion in an empire • Spheres of Influence

6. Spheres of influence • This is a form of imperialism in which an outside power claims exclusive trading or investment privileges in an area.

7. Forms of Imperialism • Colonies • Protectorates • Spheres of Influence:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Economic interests in an area are aggressively pursued and defended by a more powerful nation…SEE CHINA….

8. Social Darwinism • This is the belief that theories of natural selection apply to civilizations and individual nations as well as species and that the nations that are most “fit” will be victorious over those that are “not as fit.”

10. Shaka Zulu • This was the talented ruler of the indigenous population of South Africa who successfully battled the Boers.

12. Boer War • This conflict was fought between Europeans in the area now called South Africa. The Dutch farmers lost to the British.

14. Sepoy Mutiny • This was a rebellion by Muslim and Hindu soldiers against the British East India Company.

16. Boxer Rebellion • This was an uprising in China by individuals who wanted to rid China of foreign influences. They roamed the countryside murdering Chinese Christians, foreign businessmen and missionaries. The foreign powers crushed the uprising.

18. Extraterritorial Rights • These are privileges that meant foreigners in China were not subject to Chinese law.

20. Meiji Restoration • When the last Tokugawa shogun stepped down, the new emperor declared a new “enlightened rule” and began efforts to modernize Japan.

22. Open Door Policy • This U.S. policy declared that merchants of all nations should have equal access to Chinese trade.

24. Roosevelt Corollary • This extension of the Monroe Doctrine made the U.S. the “police power” of the Western Hemisphere.

26. Kaiser Wilhelm II • This person was the autocrat of Germany during WWI who offered to support Austria-Hungary in their conflict with Serbia.

28. Schlieffen Plan • This was a German military strategy for a two front war against both France and Russia.

30. Rasputin • This uneducated Siberian peasant rose to power as a self-proclaimed holy man who won the confidence and support of the Russian royal family.

32. Armenian Massacre • This was the Ottoman response to a Christian minority that wanted independence within the Empire. The action was denounced by the Allies, but not stopped.

34. Young Turks • This aggressive, reform-minded group was able to force the restoration of the Turkish constitution in 1908 and to depose the ruling sultan.

36. Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) • This person is credited with bringing modern reforms to the Turkish state.

38. Armistice • This is an agreement to stop fighting. The one that ended WWI was at 11 am, November 11th, 1918.

40. League of Nations • This was the last of “the 14 points”—an international association whose goal was to keep peace. It was weak and ineffective.

42. Woodrow Wilson • This person was President of the United States during WWI and author of “the 14 points.”

44. Reparations • This term refers to payments for war damages and were what Germany was required to pay after World War I.

46. New Economic Policy (N.E.P.) • This was Lenin’s attempt to revive the sluggish Russian economy by allowing small scale capitalism to exist alongside state control of major industries.

48. Totalitarian State • This refers to a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens.

50. Mao Zedong • This Chinese Communist found more support among the rural peasants than among the urban working classes.