The Labor Movement

1. The Labor Movement

2. Objectives • SWBAT: describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and communication

3. Do Now – 2/12/13 • Have your Sec 1 “IR Spreads” HW out • Sec 2: Rise of the Cities – due tomorrow! What form of technology plays the biggest/most important role in your life? How? (Something that you cannot live without – but might take for granted.) • crash course • Why The IR Happened in Britain

4. New Nations Industrialize • Belgium • first to industrialize after Britain • By mid 1800s other nations caught up • Germany, France, United States • more supplies of coal, iron & other resources • ADVANTAGE: followed Britain’s lead • borrowed British experts & technology

5. American’s Industrialize • First American textile factory  Pawtucket, RI • Plans smuggled out of Britain • Rapidly grew after the Civil War (1861-1865) • By 1900 the US was manufacturing 30% of the world’s industrial goods • SURPASSING Britain as the leading industrial nation

6. Uneven Development • Eastern & southern Europe industrialized much slower • Lacked natural resources & capital to • Russia  • had the resources but lacked social & political conditions • Slowly industrialized – 100 years after Britain • Japan  • lacked resources • had political revolution making industrialization a priority. • Canada, Australia, New Zealand also built thriving industries at this time

7. Effects of Industrialization • 1900s conditions in factories and social conditions began to improve • Ordinary workers could afford goods - $$ • Demand for goods created jobs • rapid building of railways, buildings, factories • Politics changed  had to meet demands of industrial society • Globally  industrial nations competed • Western nations dominated world more than ever before

8. Innovations • Alfred Nobel  invented dynamite • Used for construction & to his dismay, warfare • Nobel’s huge fortune was willed to fund the famous Nobel prizes still awarded today

9. Electric Power Replaces Steam • Late 1800s – electricity replaced steam as the dominant source of industrial power • Italian scientist Alessandro Volta  first battery 1800 • Michael Faraday • first simple electric motor & first dynamo • Today, all generators and transformers work on the same basic principle • Thomas Edison  1870s first electric light bulb • Edison’s “incandescent lamps” illuminated whole cities • Pace of city life quickened factories could work after dark • By 1890s cables carried electrical power from dynamos to factories

10. New Methods of Production • Improved efficiency  interchangeable parts • Simplified assembly and repair of products • Assembly line  add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next • Took much of the joy out of work  divided labor into separate tasks

11. Transportation Advances • Russians  Trans-Siberian Railroad  Moscow to Vladivostok on the Pacific • German engineer Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine • 1886 Karl Benz  patent for first automobile – had 3 wheels • 1887 Gotlieb Daimler  introduced first four-wheel automobile • American Henry Ford  models that reached 25 mph • Early 1900s Ford used assembly lines to mass-produce cars • Making United States a leader in the automobile industry

12. Exit Ticket • List some pros and cons of the Industrial Revolution • In your opinion, do the pros outweigh the cons? Or is is the other way around? Explain!

13. Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine

14. Gotlieb Daimler  introduced first four-wheel automobile

15. Geronimo drives a Locomobile Model C in this 1905 photograph taken on the 101 Ranch near Ponca City, Oklahoma. In full headdress to Geronimo's left is his friend Edward Le Clair Sr., a Ponca Indian.

16. Automobiles powered by internal combustion engines at the 1900 National Automobile Show were primitive. The most popular automobiles proved to be electric, steam, and gasoline…in that order.

17. This advertisement for the Winton motor carriage – often identified as the first American automobile advertisement, according to the Henry Ford Museum – appeared in a 1898 issue of Scientific American magazine. Automobiles would help reduce the annual removal of 450,000 tons of horse manure from New York City streets.

18. Airplanes Take Flight • 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright • flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC • daredevil pilots flew airplanes across the English Channel and over the Alps • Commercial passenger travel did not begin until 1920s

19. Communication Advances • American inventor, Samuel F. B. Morse, developed the Telegraph • Send coded messages over wires using electricity • First telegraph line  Washington D.C. & Baltimore in 1844 • 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone • 1890s Italian Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio • 1901 Marconi received a radio message using Morse code sent from Britain to Canada

20. Rise of Big Business • “Big Business” – an establishment that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods. • Stock  sold to finance companies • Coporations businesses owned by many investors • Monopolies formed  powerful business leaders controlled entire industries or areas of economy

21. Monopolies • Germany – Alfred Krupp inherited father’s steelmaking business • bought up coal and iron mines as well as ore deposits • John D. Rockefellar • Standard Oil Company became an empire • Dominated American petroleum industry • “Captains of Industry”  people praised vision and skill • “Robber Barons”  destroying competition with aggressive means – damaged free enterprise system • reformers called for laws to prevent monopolies and regulate large corporations

22. Review Question: Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but “robber barons” to others?

23. Exit Ticket • Choose one topic from what we just discussed and write a “problem-and-solution” • For example, you could write about the impact of powerful monopolies. Make a list of details, facts, and examples that define the problems that monopolies pose to a free market.

24. Do Now – March 2, 2012 • Sit in your Workers’ Rally Project groups • Form a circle with the desks within your group

27. Cause & Effects • Causes: • Increased agricultural productivity • Growing pop • Energy – steam & coal • Demand for mass-produced goods • Improved technology • Natural resources, labor, money • Strong, stable governments

28. Industrial Rev Effects • Immediate Effects: • Rise of factories • Change in trans & communication • Urbanization • New methods of production • Rise of urban working class • Growth of reform movements

29. Industrial Rev Effects • Long-Term Effects • Growth of labor unions • Inexpensive new products • Increased population • Rise of big business • Expansion of middle class • Expansion of public education • Competitive world trade • Progress in medical care

30. Connections to Today • Improvements in world health • Growth in population • Industrialization in developing nations • New energy sources – oil & nuclear • Environmental pollution • Efforts to regulate world trade