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EMBEDDED COMPUTATION MEETS THE WORLD WIDE WEB

EMBEDDED COMPUTATION MEETS THE WORLD WIDE WEB. Gaetano Borriello & Roy Want Communications of the ACM, May 2000 Presented by Lee, Richie (Chi-Chiang) chichial@usc.edu. Presentation Outline. Introduction Communication Technologies Device Technologies Applications

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EMBEDDED COMPUTATION MEETS THE WORLD WIDE WEB

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  1. EMBEDDED COMPUTATION MEETS THE WORLD WIDE WEB Gaetano Borriello & Roy Want Communications of the ACM, May 2000 Presented by Lee, Richie (Chi-Chiang) chichial@usc.edu

  2. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Communication Technologies • Device Technologies • Applications • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Two important trends are converging: (1) The computer industry’s ability to squeeze ever-more transistors into an ever-smaller area of silicon (2) The proliferation of wired and wireless networking • We have migrated our work to electronic media • The internet is the most vital of all the computational components

  4. Introduction (Cont.) • 1970s: (1) ARPANET - It was created by the United States Defense Advanced Research Project Agency. (2) NSFNET - A wide-area network developed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation.

  5. Introduction (Cont.) • 1980s: (1) The name INTERNET was coined. (2) Unified by the TCP/IP protocol set. (3) Moore’s Law – It predicts that the number of devices that can be fabricated on a chip doubles every 18 months.

  6. Introduction (Cont.) • Today: A microcontroller + 1 megabyte memory == A desktop computer in 1985 • New standards and mass-produced transceivers continue to drive down the cost of wireless connectivity

  7. Communication Technologies • The technologies – They are deriving the revolutionary reorganization of our information systems • Standardized ubiquitous protocols – They gather & deliver & present information to user services through networks.

  8. Embedded Web servers • The Web’s basic functionality: (1) Enables client programs and browsers to fetch Web pages and display them (2) Hyperlinks can reference other local or remote files to that site (3) A Link may reference a CGI script • Who can build the smallest Web server?

  9. Hydra, Xerox PARC’s embeddable Web server

  10. Embedded Web servers (Cont.) • Designed at Xerox PARC in 1998 • Its connector attach to a 10baseT Ethernet • It runs the Spyglass Web server on top of the VxWorks operating system • 16MB DRAM & 1MB flash memory

  11. Dallas Semiconductor’s Tini Web server

  12. Embedded Web servers (Cont.) • Commercial embeddable Web servers • Some Web-server designs aim in a totally different direction, using a serial line rather than a direct Ethernet connection

  13. A Web server on a Microchip PIC processor

  14. A Web server on a FairchildACE1101MT8 processor

  15. Embedded Web servers (Cont.) • The challenge: implement as little as possible of the HTTP/TCP/IP protocol stack to meet the protocol standards while remaining small

  16. Java, applets, and Jini • The java programming model provides a way to bring computation to the client • The code can execute locally by the local JVM • Java applets enable a device to export its interface to a secondary machine

  17. Java, applets, and Jini (Cont.) • Jini Network Technology: - Developed by Sun Microsystems - Network-centric computing - Enable local appliances to be located by client processes - Form ad hoc communities of devices

  18. Jini Network Technology • Enable devices to plug together to form an impromptu community • Lookup service: When a device plugs in, it goes through an add-in protocol. (1) Discovery - The device first locates the lookup service (2) join-in - then uploads an object that implements all of its services' interfaces

  19. Wireless Connectivity • Among embedded devices is extremely desirable • Allow unencumbered mobility and dynamic ad hoc connection • For example: - Bluetooth - Infrared communication - Human-body-based communication schemes

  20. Bluetooth • A large consortium of computer and consumer electronics companies • Provide a low-cost wireless solution for connecting components separated by no more than several meters • Enable links between mobile computers, mobile phones, portable handheld devices, and connectivity to the Internet • Data rate around 721 Kbps

  21. Infrared communication • As standardized by the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) • Data rate ranging from 9600bps to 4Mbps • The standard tried to encompass too many operating modes • Line-of-sight operation

  22. Human-body-base communication schemes • Sending low-power data signals through a user’s skin • For private communication and device selection by touching or holding

  23. Device Technologies • MEMS sensors • Tags • Location, tracking, sensing

  24. MEMS sensors • Microelectromechanical systems - An important solution to sensing, integrating computation and communication • Made from novel mechanical structures constructed directly from silicon • A common commercial application: - The accelerometer for controlling deployment of airbags

  25. Photomicrograph of a MEMS accelerometer from Analog Devices

  26. Tags • The automatic identification industry • Radio frequency identification (RFID) • Electronic tags: - For tracking everything from packages to livestock - Now containing onboard memory - Have anticollision mechanisms to allow multiple e-tags to be read in the same space

  27. Texas Instruments’ Tag-it system

  28. Location, tracking, sensing • The global positioning system (GPS) - Provide high-accuracy location data • Indoor location sensing • Tagging technologies - Detect an object’s presence and its position

  29. Applications • Home automation • Experiment capture • Health monitoring

  30. Home automation • Smart house - A long-sought vision of the future • A prototypical example - Digital camera • Many special challenges

  31. Experiment capture • Three main obstacles: (1) No unified model for integrating the knowledge of cell chemistry and mechanics (2) Experiments can’t be completely recorded (3) The lack of publication for the majority of experiments • Embedded Web servers can connect laboratory instrumentation to the Web

  32. Health monitoring • Ubiquitous sensors and internetworking • Provide chemical, temperature and physiology data • Collected by a embedded Web server over an RF link • New drugs along with their monitoring sensors and releasing actuators • Personalized drug dosages and mixtures

  33. Conclusion • Embedded processing is already powerful enough to tackle the real-world applications • Wireless and wired networking is increasingly ubiquitous • Achieve the interconnection of our physical and virtual worlds • Many challenges remaining

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