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Space

Space. Sayre – Chapter 5. Shape and Mass. Shape – a two dimensional area, whose boundaries can be measured in terms of height and width Mass – a solid that occupies a three-dimensional volume, whose boundaries can be measured in terms of height, width and depth. Shape. 2 categories of shape.

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Space

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  1. Space Sayre – Chapter 5

  2. Shape and Mass Shape – a two dimensional area, whose boundaries can be measured in terms of height and width Mass – a solid that occupies a three-dimensional volume, whose boundaries can be measured in terms of height, width and depth

  3. Shape

  4. 2 categories of shape • Geometric – precise, regular, mathematical *remember Geometry class • Organic – irregular, curving/rounded, relaxed/less formal *associated with nature

  5. Geometric shape (fig 701/21-16)

  6. Fig 488/15-37

  7. Organic Shape (Fig 92/5-4)

  8. Fig 93/5-5

  9. Figure/Positive and Ground/Negative • When a shape appears on a picture plane, it simultaneously creates a 2nd shape out of the background area • The “shape” is the figure a.k.a. positive shape • The “background area” is the ground a.k.a. negative shape

  10. fig 626/19-12

  11. Figure ground reversal • Figure-ground reversal = when it appears that what is ground becomes figure and then the 2 switch places again

  12. Fig 91/5-3

  13. Mass

  14. Actual Mass (fig 371/13-10)

  15. 2 categories of actual mass • Closed form – mass that does not openly interact with the space around it • Open form – mass that interacts with the space around it

  16. Closed Form (fig 567/17-15)

  17. Open form (fig 168/7-10)

  18. Remember The Kiss?Open or closed form?

  19. Implied mass • Techniques used to imply mass (create the illusion of mass) on a 2D surface… Shadows Drapery folds Changes in value (relative lightness/darkness of colors) **accomplished with hatching and cross hatching

  20. Shadows (Fig 221/9-7)

  21. Drapery folds (Fig 219/9-4)

  22. Hatching and cross-hatching (Fig 230/9-15)

  23. Space

  24. Actual space • Actual space (or space in 3D) needs to be experienced… • One must walk around a piece of sculpture or walk into a piece of architecture

  25. Volume • subcategory of actual mass • Volume – when mass encloses space, the space is referred to as volume • Architecture is the best example of volume

  26. Fig 452/15-3 University ofHouston – Collegeof Architecture

  27. Implied space • Implied space a.k.a. “implied depth” • The illusion that the 2D surface (which is flat) projects back into space creating a sense of depth • 3 simple devices for creating the illusion of depth…

  28. Overlapping (fig 285/11-6)

  29. Vertical placement

  30. Diminishing size

  31. Fig 615/19-1

  32. Perspective • More complex way to create illusion of depth on a 2D surface • 2 main types used: 1 – atmospheric perspective 2 – linear perspective

  33. Atmospheric perspective • Atmospheric perspective – relies on how objects at a distance are viewed in the natural world • the more atmosphere (which includes air, dirt, moisture, etc.) between the human eye and the object viewed the… 1- less intense the color 2- less contrast between lights/darks 3- less distinct (blurry quality)

  34. Atmospheric perspective (fig 120/6-3) and (fig 223/9-9)

  35. Linear perspective • Linear perspective – scientific system for depicting what appears to be 3D objects on a 2D surface • Based on the optical illusion that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance

  36. Linear perspective(orthogonals, horizon line, vanishing point)

  37. One point linear perspective (fig 99/5-15)

  38. Two point linear perspective(Fig 104/5-18)

  39. One point and two point linear perspective exercise… Everyone will be creating boxes using linear perspective. Take out a piece of paper, pencil, and a straight edge! Let’s do it together step by step…

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