New Mexico Pilot Study: Salt Creek and White Mountain Wilderness areas

1. New Mexico Pilot Study: Salt Creek and White Mountain Wilderness areas Prepared by: Ilias Kavouras, Vic Etyemezian, Jin Xu, Dave DuBois, Marc Pitchford Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute Prepared for: Western Regional Air Partnership, Dust Emissions Joint Forum Tempe, 11/15/2005

2. Salt Creek and White Mountain areas: Significant coefficients from wind vs. dust regression

3. Salt Creek EHA results

4. White Mountain EHA results

6. Scope of the study and methodology Identify the source areas that contributed to elevated dust concentrations during the worst dust days over the period 2001 – 2003 at Salt Creek and White Mountain Wildernesses areas in NM Develop a metric of windblown dust for each area utilizing 1. Dust emissions potential Windblown Dust Index 2. Trajectory analysis

7. Dust Emission Potential (DEP) for US Wind Erodibility Group (WEG) Source: US Department of Agriculture. National Resources Conservation Services National Soil Survey Handbook: Soil Properties and Qualities (Part 618); Data were obtained from: http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/muid.e00.gz - Indicator of susceptibility to wind erosion - Classifies soils with similar properties of the soil surface affecting their resistance to soil blowing in cultivated areas. - The range of valid entries for wind erodibility group data is 1, 2, 3, 4, 4L, 5, 6, 7, and 8

8. Dust Emission Potential (DEP) for US

9. Dust Emission Potential (DEP) for Mexico 1. Combination of land use and WEG data for Mexico areas near US AVHRR Global Land Cover Classification NASA/NOAA Pathfinder Land (PAL) data 1981-01-01 to 1994-12-31GLCF1 km, Lat/Long North America 13 classes of land cover Data were obtained from: http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data/landcover/data.shtml 8. Closed shrubland 9. Open shrubland 10. Grassland 11. Cropland 12. Bare ground 13. Urban and built-up 2. Divide southwest US in four regions 3. Extract WEG values for land use categories for each region 4. Reclassify Mexico Land use data using extracted WEG

10. Divide northern Mexico into four regions

11. DEP derived from land use and WEG correlations for each region

12. Differences between WEG only and WEG/Land use DEP derived values for each cell 0.14 = one WEG category

13. Trajectory analysis Identify areas where trajectory speed was higher than 20 or 26 miles/hour during worst dust days • NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model • Duration: 48-h • Frequency: Every 3 hours • Resolution: 1 hour • Starting heights: 500 m.a.g.l. • Trajectory speed (km/h) = distance between two trajectory points • 0 – 14 miles/hour • 14 – 20 miles/hour • > 20 miles/hour • Integration using the Kernel spatial probability density normalized by the total number of points

14. Trajectory analysis (for White Mountain during worst dust days, speed > 20 mph)

15. Windblown Dust Index DEP X Traj. Density = Windblown Dust Index 0.00 < WDI < 1.00 A metric of the influence of surrounding areas on Salt Creek and White Mountain dust concentrations Highlights areas with potential high influence Specific to the site, trajectory speed criteria, and time period WDI can be divided by distance from site To: - Take into account dilution en route to site; - Highlight the contribution of local sources

16. WDI Salt Creek 2001-2003 Traj. Speed > 20 mph

17. Contours of equal WDI for Salt Creek 2001-2003 Traj. Speed > 20 mph

18. WDI/distance ratio Salt Creek 2001-2003 Traj. Speed > 20 mph

19. WDI White Mountain 2001-2003 Traj. Speed > 20 mph

20. Contours of equal WDI for White Mountain 2001-2003 Traj. Speed > 20 mph

21. WDI/distance ratio White Mountain 2001-2003 Traj. Speed > 20 mph

22. Winter Spring Summer Fall

23. Winter Spring Fall Summer

24. Deliverables of the study Final report Maps of DEP for US and Mexico Annual and seasonal maps Identify windblown and upwind transport dust areas And Evaluate their impact And Associate with land cover and land use activities