Centre for user-oriented IT-Design (CID)

3. Centre for user-oriented IT-Design (CID) CID is a competence centre at KTH that provides an interdisciplinary environment for applied research on design of human-computer interaction. CID is engaged in 4 different areas of research: • Connected Communities (Digital Worlds). • Interactive Learning Environments. (http://cid.nada.kth.se/il) • New forms of Interaction. • User orientation.

4. Goals and characteristics of CID • integrate usability with technical and aesthetic aspects. • create an attractive environment at KTH for strong cooperation between academy, industry and users. • produce “pre-competitive” results in the form of prototypes, demonstrators and user studies. • strong international collaboration.

5. A Knowledge Manifold • is a conceptual framework for designing interactive learning environments that support Inquiry Based Learning. • can be regarded as a Knowledge Patchwork, with a number of linked Knowledge Patches, each with its own Knowledge Gardener. • gives the users the opportunity to ask questions and search for certifiedhumanKnowledge Sources.

6. A Knowledge Manifold (cont.) •has access to distributed archives of resource components. • allows teachers to compose components and construct customized learning environments. • makes use of conceptual modeling to support separation of content from context. • contains a conceptual exploration tool(Conzilla) that supports these principles and activites.

7. Lear ning En vir onment * * Resource Component Lear ning Module separating connecting What to Teach from with What to Learn through through Multiple Narration Component Composition Resource Components / Learning Modules

8. calibration process Modeling for Conceptual Calibration P Adam Eve Adam’s image of P Eve’s image of P

9. that that Specialization of Instance of that that this Part of Context for Type for Gener alization of that that The hierarchical directions from this to that Unified Language Modeling

10. Vehicle Car :Car Wheel :Wheel Unified Language Modeling is a kind of akind of abstraction of kind of is a a hasa has is apart ofa part of is a a

11. Design principles for Concept Browsers • separate context(= relationships) from content. • describe each context in terms of a concept map. • assign an appropriate set of components as the content of a concept or a conceptual relationship. • label the components with a standardized data description (metadata) scheme (IMS-IEEE). • filter the components through different aspects. • transform a content component which is a map into a context by contextualizing it.

12. Depth Contextualize Clarification Context Content Mathematics Magic What Mathematics Surf Religion Ho w V iew Where Philosophy Inf o When Science Who Where is mathematics done? inspire invoke illustrate apply

13. Depth Contextualize Clarification Context Content inspire inspire Science Mathematics Mathematics Magic Magic invoke invoke * * logical conclusion A is true B is true illustrate illustrate Religion Religion ¯ ¯ apply apply Surf If A w ere true Philosophy Philosophy ¯ then ¯ V iew What B w ould be true Inf o Science Science * Ho w conditional statement Where Mathematics * experiment When Who How is mathematics applied to science? assumption Þ fact Falsification of assumptions by falsification of their logical conclusions

23. MULECO (Multi-lingual Upper Level Electronic Commerce Ontology) Objective: To develop a high-level ontology for expressing the relationship between ontologies used to identify the requirements of particular electronic commerce applications The ontology will be expressed as a network of industry descriptors, commercial terms and business roles. They will be described in such a way that each entry can be addressed from other ontologies and applications by means of a URI or XML-Path/Query (Edutella!)

24. MULECO - participants The SGML Centre (Martin Bryan, initiator) CID/Royal Institute of Technology (Ambjörn Naeve) University of Klagenfurt (Gerhard Friedrich) WebGiro (Andrzej Bialecki) Motorola (Patricia Charlton) IC Focus (Man-ze Li) British Telecom (John Sheperdson)

25. What is important about MULECO ? Multilingual ------------------------ Vital Upper-level ------------------------- Very significant Electronic Commerce ------------- Limiting Scope Ontology ---------------------------- Not just classification Addressable ------------------------ Must be web accessible Understandable -------------------- For the layman

26. Multilingual • Most ontologies are monolingual. They fail to consider the problems involved when the terms are not exact synonyms. • Most ontologies are for a specific domain. They fail to recognize that different domains use different phrases. • Electronic commerce ontologies should simplify the integration of European marketplaces into a single market.

27. Upper-level • Not an attempt to integrate a whole set of ontologies that have been developed from the bottom up. • Designed to provide reference points to which application specific ontologies can be tied. • Designed to allow ontologies developed in different languages to be integrated.

28. Electronic Commerce MULECO is not trying to define an ontology to end all ontologies. MULECO is not trying to define an ontology for describing ontologies. MULECO starts from a well known set of business semantics developed by UN (UN/CEFACT)

29. Ontology Build on subset of well-researched techniquesdeveloped for language engineering. Use multiple types of relationships: hypernymy, hyponymy, synonymy, antonymy, etc. Need to identify overlaps as well as disjuncts(business processes typically overlap classification boundaries).

31. References-1 • Naeve, A.,The Garden of Knowledge as a Knowledge Manifold - a conceptual framework for computer supported subjective education, CID-17, KTH, 1997. • Naeve, A.,Conceptual Navigation and Multiple Scale Narration in a Knowledge Manifold, CID-52, KTH, 1999. • Naeve, A., The Knowledge Manifold - an Educational Architecture that supports Inquiry-based Customizable Forms of E-Learning, Proc. of the 2nd European Web-Based Learning Environment Conference, Lund, Sweden, Oct. 24-26, 2001.

32. References-2 • Naeve, A.,The Concept Browser - a New Form of Knowledge Management Tool, Proc. of the 2nd European Web-Based Learning Environment Conference, Lund, Sweden, Oct. 24-26, 2001. • Naeve, A. & Nilsson, M. & Palmér, M.,The Conceptual Web - our Research Vision, Proc. of the First Semantic Web Working Symposium, Stanford, July 2001, • Naeve, A. & Nilsson, M. & Palmér, M.,E-Learning in the Semantic Age, Proc. of the 2nd European Web-Based Learning Environment Conference, Lund, Sweden, Oct. 24-26, 2001.

33. References-3 • Nilsson, M. & Palmér M.,Conzilla - Towards a Concept Browser, (CID-53), KTH, 1999. • Nilsson, M., The Conzilla Design - the definitive reference, CID/NADA/KTH, 2000,http://conzilla.sourceforge.net/doc/conzilla-design/conzilla-design.html. • Nilsson, M. et. al., IMS/LOM-RDF binding, www.imsproject.org/rdf/index.html. • Nilsson, M., The Semantic Web - How RDF will change Learning Technology Standards, CETIS feature article, www.cetis.ac.uk.