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Egyptian Civilization

Egyptian Civilization. Global Connections. Impact of Geography. Nile River Details Divides Egypt Advantages Transport Flooding (soil) Sept/Oct More predictable Other geographic advantages Barriers to invasion. Religion. Two groups of gods (Sun and Land)

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Egyptian Civilization

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  1. Egyptian Civilization Global Connections

  2. Impact of Geography • Nile River • Details • Divides Egypt • Advantages • Transport • Flooding (soil) • Sept/Oct • More predictable • Other geographic advantages • Barriers to invasion

  3. Religion • Two groups of gods (Sun and Land) • Sun god took many forms (Anthropomorphic) • Atum (human form) • Re (Body human head of a falcon) • Osiris and Isis • Osiris : underworld • brought Civ. to Egypt • taught them agriculture • The Myth • Sig: Cycle of life, rebirth

  4. History • Begins when King Menes united the South and North around 3100 BC and formed the first dynasty • There are 3 distinct periods in Egyptian history • The Old Kingdom • The Middle Kingdom • New Kingdom

  5. The Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BC) • The Kings took the title Pharaoh • Absolute and divine • Development of Bureaucracy • The Vizier • The Pyramids • Part of the burial rite for Pharaoh and his family and officials • Important to preserve the body and furnish the tomb with important items so the spiritual body (The Ka) could return • Mummification

  6. Building the Pyramids • The Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2540) • Built by King Khufu (13 acres and 481 ft. high) • The Sphinx • Symbolized the power of the Kings

  7. The Middle Kingdom(2050-1652 BC) • Period marked by Expansion • Conquest of Nubia • Armies and traders into new areas • Meso., Crete, Syria • The changing role of the King • More concern with helping the people with public works and welfare programs • This period ended with the invasion of the Hyksos from Western Asia

  8. The New Kingdom (1567-1085 BC) • The Hyksos • Chariots and metal working allowed them to control Egypt for almost 100 years • A new dynasty (wealth and militarism) • Eventually the Egyptians adopted these techniques and were able to throw the Hyksos out of Egypt • Empire reached the East to the Euphrates river and West to Libya • Hatshepsut : First Woman to become Pharaoh

  9. The Fall of the New Kingdom • Akhenaton and Monotheism • Aton is the sole god • Eventually the gods were restored by Tutankhamen but the upheaval led to the decline of the Empire • Invasion led to the collapse of the New Kingdom in 1085 BC • Cleopatra VII attempted to restore Egyptian independence but failed

  10. Writing and education • First writing traced to 3000 BC • Hieroglyphics: Picture writing was used by priests and a simpler hieratic script was developed for business and record keeping • Stone and papyrus

  11. The Indus river valley

  12. Indus River Valley

  13. Indian Subcontinent • Large landmass that juts out from a continent • India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh as well as Sri Lanka • Mountains – Hindu Kush and the Himalayas • Indus and Ganges Rivers form a fertile plain across N. India.

  14. Geography • Monsoon • October to May dry winds • Spring winds from ocean w/ moisture • Challenges • Unpredictable flooding, change of course in river • Wet and dry seasons could ruin villages

  15. Civilization • Cloudy on details. • Writing system hasn’t been deciphered. Not sure when/where people came from. • Early signs around 7000 B.C. Farms around 3200 B.C.

  16. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro • Twin capitals • Massive hilltop structures • Carefully planned sites

  17. Culture • Uniform housing = lack of social divisions • Farming Civilization • Lack of weapons • Religious clues • Polytheistic • Trade w/ Sumerians

  18. Map essentials • Water: Indus, Nile, Med. Sea, Red sea, Persian Gulf, Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Yellow • Land: Greece, Indus, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Balkan, Himalayas, Shang

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