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Second Semester Vocab Review

Second Semester Vocab Review. gene. Segment on the DNA strand that codes for certain traits in an organism. cephalization. Animals that have a brain or brain-like organ near the head of their body. placental. Mammal that carries it’s young inside the body until fully developed.

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Second Semester Vocab Review

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  1. Second Semester Vocab Review

  2. gene Segment on the DNA strand that codes for certain traits in an organism

  3. cephalization Animals that have a brain or brain-like organ near the head of their body

  4. placental Mammal that carries it’s young inside the body until fully developed

  5. homologous structure Anatomical structures that share a common ancestry

  6. DNA The genetic material of most living things; found in the nucleus of living cells

  7. posterior The tail or rear end of an animal

  8. species A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

  9. antibiotic Medicine used to treat a bacterial infection

  10. recessive A trait that is not common or seen very often in a group of organisms

  11. autotroph An organism that can make its own food by photosynthesis

  12. bilateral symmetry A condition in which two equal halves of a body mirror each other

  13. genotype The genetic makeup of an organism using letters; BB, Bb, or bb

  14. mantle A layer of tissue that covers the body of many invertebrates

  15. cutaneous respiration The ability of amphibians to breathe through their skin

  16. hermaphrodite An organism that has both sets of sex organs

  17. virus A nonliving, infectious particle that can invade and destroy a cell

  18. protozoa A single-celled protist that can be aquatic or parasitic; examples include amoebas and paramecia

  19. nucleotide DNA subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

  20. acoelomate An organism that does not have a body cavity or organs

  21. metamorphosis A rapid change in an organism from egg to adult

  22. cloaca An opening in vertebrates where waste and sex cells exit

  23. endothermic An organism that can produce its own body heat and regulate it body temperature

  24. exoskeleton Hard outer protective covering of some invertebrates (arthropods and crustaceans)

  25. heterozygous Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait

  26. dorsal The top or back side of an organism

  27. monotreme An organism that lays eggs

  28. budding Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism

  29. pathogen A virus or bacteria that causes disease

  30. evolution Change over time

  31. taxonomy The scientific study of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

  32. DNA fingerprinting The pattern of bands that results when an individual's DNA sample is fragmented, replicated, and separated

  33. double helix The unique, twisted structure of DNA

  34. radial symmetry A body plan in which the parts of an animal’s body are organized in a circle around a central point

  35. tympanic membrane A flap of skin on the head of amphibians that is used for hearing

  36. vaccine A killed or weakened virus given to humans to prevent sickness caused by harmful pathogens

  37. euglena Protist that photosynthesizes and has a long flagella

  38. foot An appendage that some invertebrates use to move

  39. purines A nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; either adenine or guanine

  40. heredity The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

  41. punctuated equilibrium Evolution that is described by short periods of drastic change in species, which are separated by long periods of little or no change

  42. countercurrent flow In fish, an arrangement where water flows away from the head and blood flows toward the head

  43. dominant Traits that are seen often in a species

  44. marsupial A mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch

  45. complementary A characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand is paired to the sequence of bases on the other

  46. homozygous Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait

  47. segmentation The division of the body of an organism into a series of similar parts

  48. paramecium Heterotrophic protist that uses cilia to move

  49. phenotype The physical appearance of an organism

  50. gradualism Evolution in which slow change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity

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