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Conflicts in Africa

Conflicts in Africa. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Formerly called Zaire (1971-1997) 3 rd largest country in Africa (land size) Second Congo War beginning in 1998 devastated the country Involved 7 foreign armies Referred to as the African World War

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Conflicts in Africa

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  1. Conflicts in Africa

  2. Democratic Republic of the Congo • Formerly called Zaire (1971-1997) • 3rd largest country in Africa (land size) • Second Congo War beginning in 1998 devastated the country • Involved 7 foreign armies • Referred to as the African World War • War killed 5.4 million people – world’s deadliest conflict since WWII

  3. 1996 – Rwandan Hutu militia used refugee camps in eastern Zaire • The Hutu militia forces allied with the Zairian armed forces to launch a campaign against Congolese ethnic Tutsis in eastern Zaire • Rwandan and Ugandan armies invaded Zaire to overthrow the government and control the mineral resources • The 2nd war led by rebel militias, backed by Rwanda and Uganda, began in 1998

  4. Democratic Republic of Congo is considered to be the richest country in the world regarding natural resources • Among the poorest countries in the word – 2nd lowest GDP • Fragile government has allowed continued conflict and human rights abuses • In 2009 people in the country were reported dying at a rate of 45,000 each month • Death toll is due to widespread disease and famine

  5. UN have denounced the human rights abuses but have done little to help • Impact of armed conflict on civilians: • Destruction of property • Widespread sexual violence • Civilians fleeing their homes • 200,000 women have been raped • 76% of the people in the country have been affected in some way by the conflict • Cannibalism

  6. Refugees

  7. Burundi Civil War: 1993 – 2005 *Ethnic violence between Tutsi dominated army and Hutu rebel groups

  8. *200,000 – 300,000 people were killed *Over 500,000 people (9% of population) have been displaced *Caused serious health, water, and malnutrition problems in camps for Hutus

  9. Burundi Civil War • Began after the killing of president Melchior Ndadaye in 1993 by a Tutsi extremist • 85% of population are Hutu • Tutsi’s are educated – ethnic discrimination • Army was controlled by the Tutsi • Burundi is poor and densely populated • 4/5’s (80%) of the population – subsistence agriculture/farming

  10. 1996 – countries put an economic embargo on exports (coffee and tea) • Civilians (Hutu) were rounded up and forcibly moved into camps by the Burundi (Tutsi) armed forced • The camps were breeding grounds for death, disease, and resentment • UN workers were killed trying to provide support • Estimated 340,000 are in Tanzania

  11. Rwanda Genocide

  12. Rwanda

  13. Rwandan Genocide • Occurred in 1994 • Mass murder of around 850,000 people – some reports have the death toll to be 1 million – 20% of the country’s population • Took place for approximately 100 days after the assassination of the Hutu leader • It was a conflict between the Tutsi minority group and the majority Hutu who had come to power

  14. 1990 – Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel group composed mostly of Tutsi refugees, invaded northern Rwanda from Uganda in an attempt to defeat the Hutu-led government • They began the Rwandan Civil War • As a result of the civil war many Hutu gravitated toward the Hutu Power ideology • Hutu Power asserted that the Tutsi intended to enslave the Hutu and must be resisted at all costs

  15. Rwanda Genocide

  16. Many Hutu in the north were displaced • Cease fire in 1993 • The assassination of Habyarimana in 1994 set off the Hutus’ conducting mass killings of Tutsis • Tutsis eventually defeated the government army and seized control of the country • Created 2 million refugees

  17. Uganda Genocide

  18. Uganda Genocide • The people of Uganda have suffered severe human rights violations since 1962. Between 1966 and 1986: • Denied freedom of opinion • Media was state controlled • Court verdicts were not respected by the security forces • More than 2 million people have been killed, maimed, imprisoned, or forced into exile • Political change has come through violence

  19. 1966-1971: 1stObote regime - 400-1,000 Baganda people were murdered • 1971-1979: Amin Regime – targeted the Acholi and Langi people, thousands were killed • More than 80,000 people were forced to leave Uganda • Many people were killed during the Tanzania led war to oust Amin

  20. 1980-1985: 2ndObote regime – caused the deaths of more than 300,000 people (Baganda’s) • 1986-2003: More than 100,00 people living in the Acholi region were killed and more than 20,000 children abducted

  21. Uganda Genocide Memorial

  22. UN Report: October, 2010 • Found massacres and sexual enslavement of Congolese by the Uganda People’s Defense Force and Rwanda Patriotic Front • Civilians were killed over the charcoal trade and taking gold, and timber • Ugandan soldiers fired randomly in a village • Some civilians died as a result of being burned alive in their homes • Uganda and Rwanda governments have tried to block the UN report

  23. Should countries get involved?

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