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Word Research

Unit 4. Word Research. B4 U4 C204 G4 Members: 纪丹妮　黎颖欣　涂世业　 　 郑少婧　陈昭文　周懿. constructive. Definitions: adj 1. serving to improve or advance; helpful. e.g. constructive criticism.

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Word Research

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  1. Unit 4 Word Research B4 U4 C204 G4 Members: 纪丹妮　黎颖欣　涂世业　 　 郑少婧　陈昭文　周懿

  2. constructive Definitions: adj 1. serving to improve or advance; helpful. e.g. constructive criticism. His work involved helping hyperactive children to use their energy in a constructive way. 2. of or relating to construction; structural. Derivatives: 1．constructively adv. 2．constructiveness n.

  3. discourage Definitions: vt 1. to deprive of confidence, hope, or spirit. ~sb(from doing sth) e.g. The weather discouraged most people from attending. 2. to try to prevent by expressing disapproval or raising objections. ~sth /~sb from doing sth e.g. I leave a light on when I’m out to discourage burglars. Derivatives: 1. discourager n. 2. discouragingly adv. 3. discouraged adj. 4. discouraging adj.

  4. inevitably • Definitions: • adj • as is certain to happen • e.g.Inevitably, the press exaggerated the story. • 2. as you would expect • e.g.Inevitably, it rained on the day of the wedding. • Derivatives: • 1. inevitability n. • 2. inevitable adj.

  5. plural Definitions: n. 1. a form of a noun of verb that refers to more than one person or thing e.g.The verb should be in the plural. adj. 1. connected with or having the plural form 2. relating to more than one e.g. a plural society 多元社会

  6. thesis Definitions: n. (pl).theses 1. a long piece of writing completed by a student as part of a university degree, base on their own research e.g. theses for master’s degrees 2. a statement or an opinion that is discussed in a logical way and presented with evidence in order to prove that it is true e.g.These latest findings support the thesis that sexuality is determined by nature rather than choice.

  7. characteristic Definitions: adj. ~( of sth/sb) very typical of sth or of sb’s character n. ~( of sth/sb) a typical feature or quality that sth/sb has Expressions: be characteristic of.. the characteristic flavor of apples characteristic test genetic characteristics characteristic of body-mind development Derivatives: characteristicly adv. characteristicness n.

  8. debt Definitions: n. 1. [C] a sum of money that sb. owes 2. [U] the situation of owning money, especially when you cannot pay 3. [C,usually sing.] the fact that you should feel grateful to sb. beacause that have helped you or been kind to you Expression: 1. selling debt to a debt factor / unsettled debt / overdue debt 2. to owe a debt of gratitude to sb. / be in sb.’s debt

  9. e.g.: 1. I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 2. He died heavily in debt. / We were poor but we never got into debt./It’s hard to stay out of debt when you are a student. 3. I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers.

  10. essential • Definitions: • adj. • 1. ~ (to/for sth)|~ (to do sth| ~ (that…) completely necessary, extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity • (only before noun) connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of sb/sth • n.(usually pl.) • 1. something is needed in a particular situation or in order to do a particular thing • 2. an important basic fact or piece of knowledge about a subject • Derivatives: • essential adj./n. • essentially adv.

  11. e.g.: Adj: 1.It’s esential to keep this two groups separate. 2.The essential difference between Sara and me is our attitude to money. Noun: 3.I only had time to pack the bare essentials(=the most necessary things). 4. the essentials of English grammar

  12. network Definitions: n. 1. a complicated system of roads, lines, tubes, nerves , etc.that cross each other and are connected to each other. 2. a closely connected group of people, companies,etc.that exchange information,etc. 3. a number of computers and other devices that are connected together so that equipment and information can be shared 4. a group of radio and television sttion in different places that are connected and that broadcast the same programmes at the same time

  13. Definitions: v. 1. to connect a number of computers and other devices together so that equipment and information can be shared 2. to broadcast a telwvision or radio programme on stations in several different areas at the same time 3. to try to meet and talk to people who may be useful to you in your work Expression: waterway network transport network telecommunications network telecommunication network postal network power network

  14. e.g.: Noun: 1.a rail/road canal network 2. a network of friends 3.The office network allows users to share files and software,and to use a central printer. 4.the four four big US television networks Verd: 1. network computer systems 2. nationally networked TV 3. Conferences are a good place to network.

  15. religion • Definitions: • n. • [u] the belief in the existence of a god or gods,and the activities that are connected with the worship of them • e.g. Is there always a conflict between science and religion? • 2. [c] one of the systems of faith that are based on the belief in the existence of a partivular god or gods • e.g. Christianity, Islam and other world religions • 3. [sing.] a particular interest or influence that ia very important in your life • IDM: • get religion(informal disapproving) to suddenly become interested in religion.

  16. from the perspective of e.g.a report that looks at the education system from the perspective of deaf people perspective Definitions: n. [c]~(on sth) a particular attitude towards sth; a way of thinking about sth Eg. a grobal perspective /try to see the issue from a different perspective [u]the ability to think about peoblems and decisions in a reasonable waywihout exaggerating their importance Eg. try to keep these issues in perspective

  17. Expression: 1. panoramic perspective 2. a perspective of lakes and hills 3. a perspective of history 4. perspective glass 5. a need to view the problem in the proper perspective 6. get things badly out of perspective 7. see the events in their historical perspective

  18. have a / the sense (that) e.g. I had the the sense that he was worried about something. Idoms related to sense: 1. a sense of honour 2. a successful man with good business sense 3. be lost [dead] to all sense of shame 4. a strong sense of justice 5. a high sense of responsibility to the revolution

  19. combination Definitions: n. 1. two or more things joined or mixed together to from a single unit 2. the act of joining or mixing together two or more things to form a single unit Expressions: sentential combination 复合命题 industrial combination 工业生产联合化 combination vessel 货客轮（船） combination lock 暗码锁 combination gas 【地质】油气，富天然气 combination engine 组合发动机

  20. e.g. His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs. What an unusual combination of flavours! The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. These paints can be used individually or in combination.

  21. cooperation Definitions: n. 1. -with sb. -in doing sth , the fact of doing sth together or working together towards a shared aim 2. willingness to be helpful and do as you are asked e.g. We would be grateful for your cooperation in clearing the hall as quickly as possible.

  22. mentality Definitions: n. 1. cast or turn of mind 2. the sum of a person's intellectual capabilities or endowment. 3. a vindictive mentality. e.g. I can’t understand the mentality of football hooligans.

  23. unbelievable • Definitions: • adj. • not to be believed; incredible • Very difficult to believe and unlikely to be true • e.g.It’s unbelievable that they have permitted this trial to go ahead. • Expressions: • unbelievable luck

  24. destiny Definitions: n. 1. the inevitable or necessary fate to which a particular person or thing is destined; e.g. He wants to be in control of his own destiny. 2. the power or agency thought to predetermine events; fate: e.g. 1. Destiny brought them together. 2. I believe there’s some force guiding us ——call it god, destiny or fate. 3. She was spurred on by a strong sense of destiny and ambition. Expressions: the destinies of nations

  25. historical Definitions: adj. 1. connected with the past e.g. You must place these events in their historical context. 2. connected with the study of history 3. about people and events in the past Expressions: historical documents/records/research a historical novel/setting historically adv.

  26. stagnant Definitions: adj. 1. water or air is not moving and therefore smells unpleasant 2. not developing, growing or changing e.g. Major new investments are aimed at reviving the stagnant economy. Expressions: stagnant ponds 死水潭 a stagnant mind 愚笨的头脑 Derivatives: stagnancy n. stagnantly adv.

  27. paralyze Definitions: vt. 1. to make sb unable to feel or move all or part of their body e.g. The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down. She stood there, paralyzed with fear. 2. to prevent sth from functioning normally e.g. The airport is still paralyzed by the strike.

  28. in deline / on the decline Expressions: 1. She is on the decline,and may die soon. 2. The number of robberies in the area is on the decline. 3. fall /sink into a decline 4. After his wife’s death ,he fell into a decline. 5. The company has gone into a decline because of falling damand 6. the decline of life

  29. leave behind Definitions: fail or forget to bring or take sb/sth e.g. Wait –don’t leave me behind! It won’t rain: you can leave your umbrella behind.

  30. conception • Definitions: • n. • (u)the process of forming an ides or a plan • e.g.The plan was brilliant in its conception but failed because of lack of money. • 2. (c u)an understanding or a belief of what sth is or what sth should be • ~（of sth）/~(that…) • e.g. He has no conception of how difficult life is if you’re unemployed. • 3. (u c) the process of an egg being fertilized inside a woman’s body so that she becomes pregnant • Derivatives: • 1. conceptional adj. • 2. conceptive adj.

  31. destructive Definitions: adj. 1. causing destruction or damage e.g. the destructive effects of anxiety Derivatives: 1. destructively adv. 2. destructivity n.

  32. immigrant Definitions: n. 1. a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own e.g. illegal immigrants

  33. submerge Definitions: v. 1. to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put sth or make sth go under the surface of water or liquid 2. to hide ideas, feelings, opinions, etc. completely e.g. Doubts that has been submerged in her mind suddenly resurfaced. Derivatives: 1. submerged adj. 2. submergence n.

  34. ethnic Definitions: adj. 1. connected with or belonging to a nation,race or tribe that shares a cultural communities 2. typical of a country or culture that is very different from modern western culture and therefore interesting for people in western country. e.g.ethnic groups/communities Expressions: ethnic cleaning[used especially in news reports] 种族清洗

  35. precedent Definitions: n. 1. an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances 2. (Law) a judicial decision that may be used as a standard in subsequent similar cases 3. convention or custom arising from long practice e.g. Such protests are without precedent in recent history. Derivatives: precedented precedential

  36. show up Definitions: 1. to be clearly visible. 2. to put in an appearance; arrive. 3. to expose or reveal the true character or nature of. 4. informal To surpass, as in ability or intelligence.

  37. offend Definitions: n. 1.（vt vi）to make sb feel upset because of sth you say or do that is rude or embarrassing e.g. They’ll be offended if you don’t go to their wedding. A TV interviewer must be careful not to offend. 2. to seem unpleasant to sb e.g. an ugly building that offends the eye 3. to be against what people believe is morally right e.g. comments that offend against people’s religious beliefs Expressions: ~against sb/sth

  38. THE END

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