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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. The Planting of English America, 1500–1733. I. England ’ s Imperial Stirrings. Central, South, North America Why was North lagging behind? Internal conflicts in England King Henry VIII Reformation The “Irish Problem” Help us Spain! Result? England and Catholics? Pure hatred!.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, 1500–1733

  2. I. England’s Imperial Stirrings • Central, South, North America • Why was North lagging behind? • Internal conflicts in England • King Henry VIII • Reformation • The “Irish Problem” • Help us Spain! • Result? • England and Catholics? Pure hatred!

  3. II. Elizabeth Energizes England • Enter Queen Elizabeth • Drake, Gilbert, Raleigh • Roanoke • What happened? • Spanish Armada • Defeated in 1588. How? • Results? • British Naval Dominance • England now has a popular monarch, a greater deal of unity • Golden Age of Literature, led by Shakespeare • Open path for England to cross the Atlantic • Peace Treaty? • 1604

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  6. III. England on the Eve of Empire • British Population • Europe going through process of enclosure • Less land, or no land for poor • No land led to?? • Woolen districts (southern England) • Fell upon hard times economically • No jobs led to?? • Primogeniture tradition • No inheritance led to?? • The joint-stock company • Early form of the corporation

  7. IV. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling • 1606- King James I gives VA Company a charter • Intentions • English rights? Foreshadowing? • Three ships and 100 men leave for Jamestown • Jamestown • Problems? • Swamps • Disease • Priorities • Reinforcements • Turnaround? • John Smith • Kidnapped! Why? • Starving Time (see next slide) • Arrival of Lord De La Warr – new approach!!!

  8. GEORGE PERCY “Starving Time” • Now all of us at James Town, beginning to feel that sharp prick of hunger, which no man [can] truly describe but he which hath tasted the bitterness thereof. A world of miseries ensued . . . [and] some, to satisfy their hunger, have robbed the store, for the which I caused them to be executed. Then having fed upon horses and other beasts as long as they lasted, we were glad to make shift with vermin, as dogs, cats, rats, and mice. All was fish that came to net to satisfy cruel hunger, as to eat boots, shoes, or any other leather some could come by. And those being spent and devoured, some were enforced to search the woods and to feed upon serpents and snakes and to dig the earth for wild and unknown roots, where many of our men were cut off and slain by the [Indians]. And now famine beginning to look ghastly and pale in every face that nothing was spared to maintain life and to do those things which seem incredible . . .”

  9. Map 2-1 p27

  10. V. Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake • The Powhatan • Raids, trades, and fights,,, oh my! • First Anglo-Powhatan War • Ends in 1614,,, why? • Wedding bells! John Rolfe and Pocahontas • Rolfe and Tobacco • This cash crop saves Jamestown • Peace does not last,,,,, 1622 • Second Anglo-Powhatan War • Indians defeated • Banishment • Indians & whites living together? Just won’t work • Reservation system beginning to form– a precursor that helped shape American History • The Three D’s

  11. VI. The Indians’ New World • European arrival sparked unprecedented changes • Horses • Disease • Greatest change – No resistance • Wanted firearms • Increased tensions with other tribes and whites • Unsuccessful in the Trans-Atlantic economy • Coastal tribes defeated through war & disease

  12. VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco • Tobacco- saving grace! • Introduced by John Rolfe • Cash crop • Negatives? • “land butchery” • Fueled the plantation economy which in turn fueled,,,,,,,, • The demand for cheap labor • All the eggs in one basket! • Three major developments in 1619 • House of Burgesses • First slaves • Arrival of shipload of women

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  14. VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven • Initial motivation? • Founded by Lord Baltimorein 1634 • A safe place for Catholics • Friends of Baltimore were given large estates (Catholics of course) • Protestant settlers • Poor • Adds to tension – religion at the center again. • Like VA – also flourished from sale of tobacco • Indentured Servants (1600’s) Slaves (1700’s) • Sense a theme in the south? • Why???????????

  15. VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven • Indentured Servants >> Slaves • Desire for a stable work force • Indentured servants eventually became landowners • It’s a permanent supply of labor • Act of Toleration • Religious toleration to all Christians • Tolerance for Jewish? Atheist? • More tolerant than not, despite issues • Protestant vs. Catholic • Penalty for denying the divinity of Jesus (death!)

  16. IX. The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America • Early colonization • Spain, Portugal • Decline of Spain/Portugal led to increased settlement by English • Sugar Plantations • Very labor-intensive • Weather effects • Hot, humid, unhealthy • Slave labor • Work until death; then replace • Slaves necessary when disease ravaged the Indians (initial laborers) • African Slaves outnumbered white settlers

  17. IX. The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America • Slave codes • Barbados Slave code – 1661 • Africans brought to West Indies were “seasoned” – meaning? • Some then distributed to North/South America • Adopted by South Carolina -1696

  18. X. Colonizing the Carolinas • Colonization takes a back seat • England – a political “rollercoaseter” • King Charles II • Restoration • Return to the colonies • Carolina- 1670 • Named after Charles II • Prosperous due to West Indies influence • Barbados slave codes; Slave trade prospered • Main Crop? • Rice • Increased demand for African slaves • Charleston • Aristocratic; pompus • Leads to split with the much more “down to earth” North • Trouble with Florida?

  19. XI. The Emergence of North Carolina • Those looking for land migrated north from Virginia • “squatters” • Independent; typical of small farmer • Geographically isolated • Resented rules made FOR them – figured they were making their own life right out of the ground • This trend would eventually lead to Rebellion • Bacon’s • Shay’s • Characteristics • South • pompus, aristocratic; rice, indigo; Charleston • North • Strong willed; independent; tobacco • 1712- Carolina is split

  20. Map 2-2 p35

  21. XI. The Emergence of North Carolina • Troubles with the Indians • Tuscarora Indians attack – 1711 • Indians sold into slavery • Others traveled north; become the 6th nation of the Iroquois Confederacy • 1720- Indians cleared out along Atlantic seaboard • Trend?

  22. Map 2-3 p36

  23. XII. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony • Buffer colony • Between Spanish Florida & British colonies • Founded by James Ogelthorpe • Named after King George • A colony for debtors • A colony for criminals • Ogelthorpe held off Spanish attacks • Saved the “Charity colony” • All Chritisans (except Catholics) permitted • Missionaries attempted to convert Indians • John Welsey • Growth? • Slow; but they survive

  24. XIII. The Plantation Colonies • Slavery rampant in all plantation colonies • Forests prohibited the growth of cities • Southerners were spread out • Prohibited the growth of churches and sometimes towns • Main crops • Tobacco • VA, MD, North Carolina • Rice & Indigo • South Carolina • Georgia • Relative Religious Freedom • Why??? • Native conflicts were frequent

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