1 / 8

The International Dimension of Transformation

The International Dimension of Transformation. Introduction to postcommunism , lecture by Henri Vogt , 9/4/2013. Lecture outline. The spread/ diffusion of democracy and the external impacts of 1989 active vs. passive leverage EU membership debates (in Estonia)

vinnie
Download Presentation

The International Dimension of Transformation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The International Dimension of Transformation Introduction to postcommunism, lectureby Henri Vogt, 9/4/2013

  2. Lecture outline • The spread/ diffusion of democracy and the external impacts of 1989 • active vs. passive leverage • EU membership debates (in Estonia) • Differences between the ”Europeanness” of East and West Europeans

  3. The external impacts • The thirdwave of democracy (Samuel Huntington): firstwavefrom the FrenchRevolution to 1922 when Mussolini came to power; secondafter WW2 until 1962; thirdfrom 1974 (Portugal) • Whitehead (1996): contagion; control; consent (orcooperation) • Geographicalproximity to Western Europe as a key for success

  4. Passive leverage • Based on the idea of a return to Europe, and increasing economic cooperation in the early 1990s. • Political benefits - protection of EU rules; voice in EU decision-making • Economic benefits; • access to EU market; transfers from EU budget; increased investment and growth; increased entrepreneurship + skills • Benefits are shaped by: - Costs of exclusion when neighbouring states are joining - EU treatment of non-members • Additional benefit: • EU membership conditionality as a catalyst for domestic reform Question: Whydid the EU want to have new members?

  5. Active Leverage The Copenhagencriteria of 1993 - tojointhe EU, a new Member State hadtomeetthefollowingthreecriteria: • political: stabilityofinstitutionsguaranteeingdemocracy, theruleoflaw, human rightsandrespectforandprotectionofminorities; • economic: existenceof a functioningmarketeconomyandthecapacitytocopewithcompetitivepressureandmarketforceswithinthe Union; • acceptanceofthe Community acquis: abilitytotake on theobligationsofmembership, includingadherencetotheaimsofpolitical, economicandmonetaryunion.

  6. Active EU policies in the region • PHARE, beginning 1989, before 2004 used some 10 billion euros • Tacis 1991 - 2006 • From 2007 European Neighbourhood Policy and EuropeAid (European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – approximately 11 billion for 2007-13)

  7. EU Debates in Estonia Canbeunderstood in the context of passiveleverage • Raik 2004 arguesthat the debatewasbased on fourcatchwords: - Inevitability, - Speed - Efficiency - Expertise PrimeMinisterMartLaar in 2001 (in Postimees): ”Wereallyare in a damnedhurry[…] Thisirrefutabletruth is absolutelyobvious to anyonewho for a momentthinksaboutour position and history.”

  8. Literature • Milada Anna Vachudová: Europe Undivided. OPU 2005 • Kristi Raik: EU accession of Central and Eastern European Countries: Democracy and Integration as Conflicting Logics. EEPS, vol. 18, no. 4, 2004 • Whitehead, Laurence (1996) : Three International Dimensions of Democratization. In L. Whitehead (ed.), The International Dimensions of Democratization. Europe and the Americas. OUP • Sten Berglund, Joakim Ekman, Henri Vogt and Frank Aarebrot: The Making of the European Union. Foundations, Institutions and Future Trends. Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar 2006

More Related