Polar Bonds, Dipoles and Hybridization

1. Polar Bonds, Dipoles and Hybridization

2. Review: Atomic orbital hybridization sp3hypridization sp2hypridization sp hypridization p p p p p p p p p p p p E E E sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3 sp2 sp2 sp2 Things to notice: Combine # of orbitals, get same # of hybrid orbitals spxis the “name” of the orbital, just like s and p were Energy of spxorbital is between that of the s and the p orbital sp sp s s s

3. Atomic Orbital: sp another look, for your notes from video not covered in class s orbital three porbitals px, py, pz two sp orbitals and one left over p orbital linear sp orbitals expanded out

4. Atomic Orbital: sp2 another look, for your notes from video not covered in class s orbital three porbitals px, py, pz three sp2orbitals and one left over p orbital trig. planar sp orbitals expanded out

5. Atomic Orbital: sp3for your notes from video not covered in class s orbital three porbitals px, py, pz four sp3orbitals

6. Hybridization in Summary • Draw Lewis Structure • Figure out the arrangement of electron pairs and bonds • Determine steric number: • number bonded atoms+electron pairs • give you number of hybrid orbitals needed, and therefore hybridization • If you need: then • 6: sp3d2 (1+3+2=6) • 5: sp3d1 (1+3+1=5) • 4: sp3 (1+3=4) • 3: sp2 (1+2=3) • 2: sp (1+1=2)

7. Lewis Structures: non-octet breaking For each of the Lewis stuctures we did previously, decide which bonds are polar, if the molecule is polar, the hybridization of the central element, how many s and p bonds are present, and what orbitals each bond is formed with • CH2O A) sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) sp3d E) sp3d2

8. Lewis Structures: non-octet breaking For each of the Lewis stuctures we did previously, decide the hybridization of the central element, and what orbitals are each bond formed with • CH2O • 3 s bonds 1 p bond • O: unhybridized • both formed with p orbitals • H: unhybridized • only orbital available: s orbital • Carbon: sp2 hybridized • All s bonds formed with hybrid orbitals. sp2 orbitals • p bond formed with leftover p orbital

9. Bonding orbital cartoon (s orbital on Oxygen left out) • CH2O • O: • H: • Carbon:

10. Lewis Structures: non-octet breaking For each of the Lewis stuctures we did previously, decide the hybridization of the central element, and what orbitals are each bond formed with -1 +1 +0 sp • N2O • 2s bonds 2 p bond • central N: sp hybridized • All s bonds formed with hybrid orbitals. sp orbitals • p bonds formed with leftover p orbitals • O and other N: unhybridized • all bonds formed with p orbitals • lone pairs in s and p orbitals Bonding orbital cartoon (s orbital on Oxygen left out)

11. For each of the Lewis stuctures we did previously, decide the hybridization of the central element, and what orbitals are each bond formed with Lewis Structures: non-octet breaking • BH3NH3 • N: • B: sp3 sp3

12. Given the following data, does H2S have a dipole? Decide which bonds are polar, if the molecule is polar, the hybridization of the central element, how many s and p bonds are present, and what orbitals each bond is formed with • BH3NH3 • S: • H: • .