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The Rebound Effect: An Analysis of the Empirical Data for Lighting

The Rebound Effect: An Analysis of the Empirical Data for Lighting. Decades-to-Centuries Rebound Effect. 1 Consumption of 2 Affordability of 3 Relationship between. Solid-State Lighting. White Light. Color Mixing Optics. RYGB Light Emitting Diodes.

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The Rebound Effect: An Analysis of the Empirical Data for Lighting

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  1. The Rebound Effect:An Analysis of the Empirical Data for Lighting Decades-to-Centuries Rebound Effect 1 Consumption of 2 Affordability of 3 Relationship between Solid-State Lighting White Light Color Mixing Optics RYGB Light Emitting Diodes Jeff Tsao (Sandia National Laboratories) Paul Waide (International Energy Agency) Harry Saunders (Decision Processes Incorporated) Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

  2. per capita Consumption of Light:φ(Mlmh/[per-yr]) Fouquet & Pearson UK 2000 Inc+Flu+HID: 46.4 1950 Inc: 5.0 1900 Gas+Ker: 0.27 1850 Gas+Can: 0.013 1800 Can+Oil: 0.0027 1750 Can: 0.0006 1700 Can: 0.00058 IEA FSU 2000: 38.7 IEA JP+KR 2005: 71.9 IEA OECD-EU 2005: 45.9 CN Li 2006: 16.4 IEA 2005: 13.4 Mills 1993: 2.7 Navigant US 2001: 136 Mills WRLD-NONGRID 1999: 0.043 IEA AU+NZ 2005: 63.4 IEA WRLD-GRID 2005: 32.9 Earth at Night (courtesy of NASA)

  3. 101.4 104.3 102.8 per capitagross domestic product:gdp ($/[per-yr]) = GDP/N Cost of Light:CoL ($/Mlmh) ≃CoE/η 101.5 103 106 CN 2005 CN 2006 100% Efficiency 105 WRLD-GRID 2005 104 102 105 WRLD-GRID 2005 US 2001 JP+KR 2005 OECD-EU 2005 103 FSU 2000 CN 1993 OECD-EU 2005 CN 2006 Luminous efficacy η (lm/W) US 2001 101 UK 2000 UK 1950 104 CN 2005 AU+NZ 2005 CN 1993 JP+KR 2005 GDP (B$/yr) 1 UK 2000 WRLD-NONGRID 1999 UK 1900 1 AU+NZ 2005 103 FSU 2000 UK 1850 101 UK 1950 UK 1900 UK 1800 WRLD-NONGRID 1999 UK 1750 10-1 102 UK 1850 UK 1700 After Maddison and Univ of Groningen purchase-power-parity tabulations, in 2005 US$ 102 UK 1800 103 104 105 UK 1750 10-2 101 UK 1700 1 101 102 103 104 105 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 101 102 CoE ($/MWh) N (Bper)

  4. Consistent with φ having unit elasticity with respect to gdp and CoL Over empirical data spanning many orders of magnitude 5.4 in φ 4.3 in CoL 1.4 in gdp 3 centuries 6 continents 5 technologies φ = β·(gdp/CoL) 105.4 104 JP+KR 2005 AU+NZ 2005 OECD-EU 2005 SSL US 2001 FSU 2000 UK 2000 WRLD-DEV 2005 101 CN 2006 HID Fluorescent Incandescent UK 1950 CN 2005 CN 1993 φ [Mlmh/(per-yr)] UK 1900 WRLD-UNDEV 1999 Gas Kerosene R2 = 0.986 10-2 UK 1800 UK 1850 Candles UK 1700 UK 1750 10-5 10-5 10-2 101 104 β·gdp/CoL [Mlmh/(per-yr)] 0.0072

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