iClicker Questions for

1. iClicker Questions for Psychology for APby David G. Myers Karla Gingerich, Colorado State University Unit 7A: Memory

2. Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, EXCEPT: • A. short-term memory. • B. long-term memory. • C. flashbulb memory. • D. sensory memory.

3. When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of: • A. chunking. • B. flashbulb memory. • C. automatic processing. • D. iconic memory.

4. According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: • A. items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle. • B. items in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end. • C. vocabulary words if you process them visually. • D. vocabulary words if you process them acoustically.

5. Which of the following processes is likely to result in the best memory for words? • A. visual encoding • B. acoustic encoding • C. rote memorization • D. semantic encoding

6. Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the: • A. amygdala. • B. hypothalamus. • C. sensory cortex. • D. motor cortex.

7. Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory? • A. a mental image of one's best friend • B. the date of one's own birth • C. a conditioned fear of guns • D. one's own name

8. Priming refers to: • A. the sense that one has been in a particular situation before. • B. better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood. • C. attributing a memory to an erroneous source. • D. the activation of associations in memory.

9. Each of the following “sins of memory” involves distortion, EXCEPT: • A. suggestibility. • B. bias. • C. misattribution. • D. absent-mindedness.

10. The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to: • A. storage decay. • B. encoding failure. • C. motivated forgetting. • D. retrieval failure.

11. After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates: • A. repression. • B. retroactive interference. • C. encoding failure. • D. source amnesia.

12. During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates: • A. the spacing effect. • B. proactive interference. • C. retroactive interference. • D. state-dependent memory.

13. The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve: • A. implicit memory. • B. automatic processing. • C. long-term potentiation. • D. memory construction.

14. Critical Thinking Questions

15. Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students: • A. will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come. • B. will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them. • C. will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they’ll remember for years to come. • D. will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

16. You are used to driving a car with a standard shift. Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission. As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift. This tendency is most likely due to: • A. retroactive interference. • B. proactive interference. • C. motivated forgetting. • D. encoding failure.

17. We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. We are asked to remember someone’s name. We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to remember it, yet it remains elusive. What type of forgetting might be at work here? • A. encoding failure • B. retroactive interference • C. retrieval failure • D. motivated forgetting

18. You are asked to recall the names of the Seven Dwarfs in the Snow White fairy tale. You are familiar with the story, and may have even seen a movie of the story, yet you cannot remember all seven names accurately. What type of memory problem might account for this? • A. retrieval failure • B. encoding failure • C. proactive interference • D. storage failure

19. As a child, Theo often looked at a picture album that included photos of a family reunion. Although Theo had not attended the reunion because he had been ill, he remembers being there. Theo’s mistake best illustrates the “sin” of: • A. suggestibility. • B. persistence. • C. misattribution. • D. transience.