Introduction to Criminal Justice CJ101 – Prof Kozyra Unit 2

1. Introduction to Criminal JusticeCJ101 – Prof KozyraUnit 2

2. Welcome to unit • Announcements • Discussions • Quizzes • Issues – Email or Call (561-827-3003) me right away • Questions - Concerns

3. Unit 3 Power Point Project • In Chapter 6 you learned about the 5 core operational strategies (preventive patrol, routine incident response, emergency response, criminal investigation, problem solving) and 1 ancillary operational strategy (support services) that are employed by law enforcement agencies to fight and reduce crime. • In this assignment, you will create a PowerPoint presentation that meets the following criteria:

4. 1. Summarize the five core operational strategies and the one ancillary operational strategy of law enforcement. 2. Explain how these strategies are used by law enforcement agencies to achieve their crime fighting goals. • Your PowerPoint presentation must consist of no fewer than six (6) slides (at least one slide per strategy).The title slide and references slide are not included in this total, and are also required.

5. Helpful Info • There is a PP template along with the assignment in Unit 3 – if you are not good with PP’s, use it. • Do not be afraid of this – the hardest part is getting started – if you are struggling, call me. • This is worth 75 points (7.5% of your grade). • Note that it is due in Unit (week) 4.

6. Unit 1 Information We didn’t Cover last week

7. Chapter 1 What is Criminal Justice?

8. Individual Rights versus Public Order • 3 strikes • Megan’s Law • Patriot Act • Cameras • Airport Security • Internet Eavesdropping • Social Contract between LE and Society

9. Conflict & Consensus Models • Conflict Model • A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies. • Consensus • Perspective that assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice.

10. Chapter 2 The Crime Picture • The Reality of Crime Statistics • Figure 2-1 CJ Funnel pg36

11. Crime Reports UCR NCVS Self Reported Victimization Exaggeration Confusion Selected Offenses • Based on Reported Crime • Selects ONE offense • Definitions • Selected Offenses • NIBRS – NEW! • Even though these statistics are not as accurate as we would like there is VALUE…..How?

12. Unit 2

13. Emerging Crime Trends • Organized Crime • Terrorism • Technology Crimes • How we defend against these now & in the future.

14. Web Field Trip • I hope everyone has their permission slip signed by their parents! • Remember: stay together; don’t touch; and NO gum on the bus! • Also, when we flip to the next slide, click on the IP (internet) address. • When the video ends, do not hit the refrigerator, check the score on the game, or make sure Oprah is recording . . . Come right back to class!

15. Web Field Trip • Click on the following: • http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/video/utah-police-enlist-crime-fighting-blimp-12619746

16. The Search For Causes • It should be a crime….. • If you could create a law against something, what would it be?

17. Crime Vs. Deviance • Crime is a violation of the criminal law without acceptable legal justification • Deviance violation of social norms • Talking on cell phones in public • Smoking • Sexual fetishes • Unfair Labor Practices • Not paying the same wage for the same work • Polluting • Texting while you drive • Sexting while you drive (or not) • Society decides what is a crime!

18. Theory • A set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events. A theory gains explanatory power from inherent logical consistency and is “tested” by how well it describes and predicts reality. • NOT a FACT – so it is ok to disagree • Evolution and Creation • Explanations for ADD • How the Pyramids were made

19. Crime Theories • Fall into 8 Basic Categories • Classical • Biological • Psychobiological • Psychological • Sociological • Social process • Conflict • Emergent

20. Classical & Neoclassical • The concept that crime is caused by FREE WILL • People choose to commit crime • Rational choice: Weigh the good versus bad. • i.e. selecting a home to burglarize

21. Classical & Neoclassical Type Characteristics Crime is caused by the individual exercise of free will. Prevention is possible through swift and certain punishment that offsets any gains to be had through criminal behavior. • Free will theories • Hedonistic calculus • Rational choice theory • Routine activities theory

22. Biological • Crime is caused by biological issues • Psychological • Genetic • Evolutionary

23. Biological Type Characteristics “Criminal genes” cause deviant behavior. Criminals are identifiable through physical characteristics or genetic makeup. Treatment is generally ineffective, but aggression may be usefully redirected. • Phrenology • Atavism • Criminal Families • Somatotypes

24. Psychobiological • Takes it a step forward • DNA • Contaminants • Nutrition • Hormones • Chemistry (reactions) • Physical Injury (Brain Trauma)

25. Psychobiological Type Characteristics Human DNA, environmental approaches contaminants, nutrition, hormones, physical trauma, and body chemistry play important and interwoven roles in producing human cognition, feeling, and behavior—including crime. • Chromosome Theory • Biochemical Approaches • Heredity

26. Psychological • Personality is the major motivational element. It is the source of drives and motives. • abnormal, dysfunctional, or inappropriate mental processes within the personality. • inappropriate learning or improper conditioning—often occurring in early childhood.

27. Psychological Type Characteristics Crime is the result of inappropriate behavioral conditioning or a diseased mind. Treatment necessitates extensive behavioral therapy • Behavioral Conditioning • Psychoanalysis • Psychopathology

28. Sociological Theories • The characteristics of society or the social environment and the interaction between individuals and groups cause crime and victimization. • Social Culture • Anomie – dysfunctional areas or normlessness • Common use of marijuana, loose sex, or of violence in subculture

29. Sociological Type Characteristics The structure of society and its relative degree of organization or disorganization are important actors contributing to the prevalence of criminal behavior. Group dynamics, group organization, and subgroup relationships form the causal nexus out of which crime develops. Effective social policy may require basic changes in patterns of socialization and an increase in accepted opportunities for success. • Social Disorganization • Anomie • Subcultures • Focal Concerns • Subculture of Violence

30. Social Process Theories Type Characteristics Crime results from the failure of inadequate social roles, or association with defective others. Social policy places responsibility for change on the offender. • Differential Association • Social Learning • Containment • Social Control • Neutralization

31. Social Process Theories Type Characteristics The source of criminal behavior is unknown, but an understanding of crime requires recognition that the definition of crime is imposed on behavior by the wider society. Individuals defined as “criminal” may be excluded by society from “normal” opportunities. Therapy requires a total reorientation of the offender. • Labeling Theory

32. Social Process Theories Type Characteristics Human development occurs simultaneously on many levels, including psychological, biological, familial, interpersonal, cultural, societal, and ecological. The life course perspective notes that criminal behavior tends to follow an identifiable pattern throughout a person’s life cycle. • Social Development Theory • Life Course Perspective

33. Conflict Theory • Because of social in equality or the stress of this causes competition.

34. Conflict Theory Type Characteristics Conflict is fundamental to social life. Crime is natural consequence of social, political and economical inequalities • Radical Criminology • Peacemaking Criminology • Fundamental changes to the structure of society are needed to eliminate crime.

35. Emergent Theory • Newer theories based on more focused conflict style thoughts.

36. Emergent Type Characteristics Emphasizes the need for gender awareness in the criminological enterprise • Feminist Criminology • Crime is social phenomenon and as such is socially constructed • Constitutive Criminology • Postmodern Criminology • Deconstructionist approaches challenge existing theories in order to place them with perspective more relevant to the modern era