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Determination of the mass of black holes in active galaxies

Determination of the mass of black holes in active galaxies. O. Marco ESO. M BH vs host galaxy. Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are powered by accretion of matter onto massive black holes (BH) A significant fraction of luminous galaxies must host black holes, relics of past activity

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Determination of the mass of black holes in active galaxies

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  1. Determination of the mass of black holes in active galaxies O. Marco ESO Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  2. MBHvs host galaxy • Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are powered by accretion of matter onto massive black holes (BH) • A significant fraction of luminous galaxies must host black holes, relics of past activity • BH mass seems proportional to both the mass/luminosity of the host spheroid and its velocity dispersion * • BH scale ~10-5 pc Bulge potential scale ~103 pc radio-loud QSO radio-quiet QSO Seyfert 1 Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  3. Direct measurement of MBH • A direct method: gas kinematics around the central BH • Near IR: use of emission lines, H2 2.12µm & Br 2.17µm Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  4. First try: “seeing limited” spectroscopy • Nearby object: NGC1068, D=~14 Mpc • 1” = 70 pc • spectral resolution corresponding to 35 km s-1 • Seeing resolution~0.4” in K band (2.2 µm) Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  5. Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  6. velocity difference of 140 km s-1 MBH ~ 108 M Alloin D., et al., A&A, 369L33 Galliano E., et al., A&A, 393, 43 Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  7. Need for Adaptive Optics(high angular resolution) • For remote objects, all would happen within seeing task: the “sphere of influence” of massive BH is <1” even for the closest galaxies • Use of H2 2.12 µm emission, CO 2.3 µm absorption, [Fe II] 1.64 µm emission • Need a very large telescope, D≥8m Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  8. Centaurus A • Very close AGN: D~3.5 Mpc • 1” = 17 pc • The closest massive elliptical galaxy • Using [Fe II] emission lines Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  9. [Fe II] Häring N., et al., astro-ph 0507094 MBH=8.6 107 M Albert Einstein Century International Conference

  10. Adaptive Optics vs normal observations  no-AO  AO Albert Einstein Century International Conference

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