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Chapter 2: Blood circulation

Chapter 2: Blood circulation. HUMAN HEART. jantung. Lukis jantung 4 segi Bahagi kepada 4 bahagian ( atas lebih kecil ) Lukis 4 salur darah Label 4 salur darah Label atrium & ventrikel Label salur darah dari mana nak ke mana

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Chapter 2: Blood circulation

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  1. Chapter 2: Blood circulation

  2. HUMAN HEART

  3. jantung • Lukisjantung 4 segi • Bahagikepada 4 bahagian (ataslebihkecil) • Lukis 4 salurdarah • Label 4 salurdarah • Label atrium & ventrikel • Label salurdarahdarimananakkemana • Label tekanan (tinggiataurendah) padasalurdarah • Lukisanakpanahpergerakandarah (muladari VC) • Label oxygenated & deoxygenated blood padasemuasalurdarah • Label Triscupid valve, semilunar valve & bicuspid valve)

  4. FUNCTION • The heart functions as strong muscular pump to: • collect deoxygenated blood (lacking oxygen) from the rest of the body. Then, this blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to enriched with oxygen. • Collect oxygenated blood (enriched with oxygen) from the lungs. Then this blood is pumped out of the heart to be transported throughout the body. • the heart also plays a role in the human circulatory system to: • transport nutrients and oxygen to the body • transport excretory products such as carbon dioxide, urea and water from the body cells to be removed from the body.

  5. SIMPLE Human heart A PA VC PV • BLOOD CIRCULATION • Salurdarah - VC-PA-A-PV • Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large • Valve – tv, sv, sv, bv. • H – L – H – pulmonary circulation • H-ALL-H – systemic circulation

  6. MY HEART

  7. Heart

  8. Three types of valves. • bicuspid valve (or mitral valve) controls the one way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. • The tricuspid valve controls the one way blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. • The semilunar valve controls the one way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta as well as from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

  9. Three types of valves

  10. MY HEART

  11. Blood Vessel • Artery • Arteries transport blood from the heart. • Arteries have thick, muscled wall which are elastic to withstand the high blood pressure inside. • The aorta is the largest artery. Its transport blood out of the heart. The aorta branches to form arteries. • Vein • veins transport blood into the heart. • Veins have thin walls, are less muscular and elastic. • The vena cava is the largest vein. It transports blood back to the heart. • blood capillary • capillaries connect arteries to veins. • A capillary is a very fine blood vessel. It has a permeable membrane that is very thin, as it is only one cell thick. This facilitates the exchange of gases, digested food and excretory products through its walls.

  12. Blood vessel PMR 04, 05 • Artery • Vein • BloodCapillary

  13. BLOOD VESSEL IN HUMAN

  14. Blood vessel

  15. Blood vessel

  16. Blood vessel

  17. Blood circulation PMR 04, 06, 07 • pulmonary circulation • pulmonary circulation consists of blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart and vice versa. • The function of pulmonary circulation is to ensure that blood with insufficient oxygen receives a fresh supply oxygen in the lung. • systemic circulation • systemic circulation consists of all blood vessels involved in the transport of blood from the heart to all parts of the body, except the lungs and back to the heart again.

  18. PMR 2004

  19. PMR 2004

  20. Blood circulation

  21. Blood circulation

  22. Blood Circulation • BLOOD CIRCULATION • Salurdarah - VC-PA-A-PV • Artery-blood out of the heart, HP, lumen-small, vein – blood into heart, LP, lumen-large • Valve – tv, sv, sv, bv. • H – L – H – pulmonary circulation • H-ALL-H – systemic circulation

  23. Blood contents • blood plasma PMR 05 • contains blood cells and dissolved substances such as minerals salts, digested food and gases. • Plasma is the fluid component of blood which is light yellow. • red blood cells • red blood cells have no nuclei. - known as erythrocytes • white blood cells - White blood cells have nuclei. - known as leucocytes. • platelets (blood clotting cells) • platelets are small bits of cells in the blood that do not have nuclei. • Known as thrombocytes.

  24. The types, functions and places of production as well as destruction of blood cells.

  25. Blood group Compatibility of blood among blood donors and recipients using ABO identification system PMR 06 The AB blood type is known as a universal recipient. • The O blood type is known as a universal donor.

  26. Human blood groups

  27. Transport system in plantPMR 08

  28. Phloem and Xylem • Phloem – outer – food ( s  r ) • Xylem – inner – water & mineral ( r  s ) A waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials. Also called paraffin wax

  29. PMR 2010 • The phloem tissues have been removed. • The ring become swollen (upper part). • GLUCOSE could not be transported downwards to other parts of the plant.

  30. Light Humidity Air movement temperature

  31. Test presence of water • Anhydrous copper sulphate (white  blue) • Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper (Blue  pink) The effects of impurities on the physical characteristics of water • Boil at a temperature above 100ºC • freeze at a temperature below 0ºC

  32. Wilting • When water enters the cells of a plant, it exerts pressure against the cell wall. • The cell become swollen or turgid and provide support the plant. • When aplant loses more water than it absorbs, the cells of the plant lose their turgidity and become soft or flaccid.The flaccid cells are not able to support the plant ad so it wilts.

  33. Transpiration is a process in which water is lost in the form of water. The water vapour evaporates from the leaves of plants through stomata.. Transpiration

  34. Transpiration • Water evaporates from leaves through small openings on the leaves. The small openings are called stomata. • Small opening is enclosed by two kidney-shaped guard cells. • Close its stomata on hot day to reduce the loss of water by transpiration. Important: to remove excess water

  35. Transpiration Transpirasiberlakuapabila stoma terbuka. 90% air tersejat (evaporates) daripadatumbuhanmelaluiliang stoma. Gas oksigendankarbondioksidamasukdankeluarmelalui stoma. DipetikdaribukuteksSainsTingkatan 2 m/s 125 Tahun 2002

  36. Factors Transpiration • The transpiration rate increase when the • temperature increases- more rapidly in the higher temperature • light intensity increases-more rapidly in the presence of light • wind speed increases-more rapidly in windy condition • humidity decreases-more rapidly in lower humidity • A photometer is an apparatus which is used to measure the rate of transpiration in plants. (bubble photometer and weight photometer) PMR 08

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