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Freshwater recirculation systems

Freshwater recirculation systems. System components solids filter tanks aeration. Recirculating system - 60%. System components solids filter tanks Aeration Degasser (CO2) biological filter buffering systems. Recirculating system 90%. System components solids filter tanks

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Freshwater recirculation systems

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  1. Freshwater recirculation systems

  2. System components solids filter tanks aeration Recirculating system - 60%

  3. System components solids filter tanks Aeration Degasser (CO2) biological filter buffering systems Recirculating system 90%

  4. System components solids filter tanks Aeration Degasser (CO2) biological filter buffering systems Anaerobic biofiltration disinfection Recirculating system 98%

  5. System Components • Primary • Tanks • Solids filter • Biofilter • Aeration • Tanks • Secondary • Pumps • Lighting • Disinfection

  6. Components of a Recirculating Aquaculture System continued 2. Biofiltration continued • Engineered forms: • Submerged • Fluidized beds • Emerged • Trickling/RBC • Combinations

  7. Solids Filtration • Sources • Fish wastes • Uneaten food • Types • Settable • Suspended • Fine and dissolved Pressurized downflow sand filter

  8. Solids Filtration • Settable solids (gravity removal) • Sediment trap • Settling tank • Hydrocyclone (swirl separator) Gravity Sump

  9. Solids Removal • Suspended Solids (non-gravity) • Screen filtration • Expandable granular media • Downflow (fine sand) • Upflow (course sand) Suction Screen Screen filters

  10. Solids Filtration • Fine and dissolved solids • Foam Fractionation • Principle • Particles attachto bubbles thatrise throughtube.

  11. 1½ O2 1½ O2 NH3 NO2- NO3- nitrosomonas nitrobacter Biological Filtration • Sources • Fish metabolism • Function • Nitrification • Oxidizes ammonia and nitrite to nitrate

  12. Types of Bio-filters • Submerged filters • Simple • Inefficient • Trickling filters • Simple • Aerates Submerged filter

  13. DBC U-tube Oxygenation • Non-pressurized • Downflow bubble contactor (DBC) • Counter current diffusion column • U-tube diffusers

  14. Degassing • spray tower • packed column packed column

  15. Bicarbonate Drip • Rational • CO2 removal (<20 mg/L) • from respiration • Buffering • nitrification is an acidifying process • Purpose • Adds alkalinity to water

  16. Recirculating Aquaculture System Components continued 2. Biofiltration continued • Ideal characteristics: • Large surface area: volume ratios • Long-lasting • Cheap • Light Kaldnes B-cell 198 m2/m3 152 m2/m3

  17. 15 NO3 NO2 mg l-1 TAN 0 40 time (days) Recirculating Aquaculture System Components continued 2. Biofiltration continued

  18. dissolved colloidal settleable supra colloidal 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Particle size m Particulate removal • Removal by: • Gravity separation • Filtration • Flotation

  19. fractionation sedimentation cartridge filter microscreens Optional treatment Main treatment Pretreatment granular filters coarse screen 10 25 50 75 100 Particle size m Particulate removal Most effective solids removal processes and particle range

  20. Recirculation systems

  21. Biological filtration • Biological filtration is the use bacteria to removal of waste metabolites that accumulate from keeping, feeding and growing fish in a closed recirculating system. • After oxygen, it is the accumulation of ammonia - the waste metabolite from protein digestion - that is probably the most limiting factor affecting the success of operating closed recirculation systems.

  22. Biological filtration • The removal of ammonia (NH3) by oxidation to nitrite (NO2) and finally nitrate (NO3) is carried out by the bacteria Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. respectively. This process is known as nitrification. • Un-ionised ammonia and nitrite are both toxic to fish at relatively low concentrations whereas nitrate, the end product of nitrification, is relatively non-toxic at even quite high concentrations.

  23. Biological filtration • The rate of nitrification is optimal around 30°C. • The particular size and type of filtration equipment needed will depend on a number of factors including, • the type of fish, • the biomass of fish, • the amount of food fed • the temperature of the water.

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