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Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders. Videos: Psychology: The Human Experience Modules 36 & 37 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Anxiety Disorders

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  1. Anxiety Disorders Videos: Psychology: The Human Experience Modules 36 & 37 • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Constant tension; unfocused, unproductive & chronic worry; ANS arousal • Panic attacks • Phobia • persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation • e.g., social phobia

  2. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Interaction of factors • Socio-cultural (culture of fear?) • Psychological • Behavioral (CC & OC) • Cognitive (interpretation of harmless situations as threatening) • Biological • Heritability – twin studies • GABA • in OCD, frontal lobe overactivity – involved with directing attention

  3. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) • Controversy • Causes?

  4. Personality Disorders • Personality Disorders • inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning • e.g., borderline, antisocial (next slide)

  5. Antisocial personality disorder History of conduct disorder (e.g., habitual lying, torturing animals…) Problems with impulsivity, failure to plan ahead, lack of remorse Seem to be less responsive to fearless (e.g., less activity in amygdala and hippocampus to words that elicit fear compared to non-APD) In a study of 22,790 prisoners—47% of men and 21% of women were diagnosed with APD 5

  6. Mood Disorders Mania Video: Psychology: The Human Experience Module 38 Depression

  7. Depression subtypes • Post-partum • Seasonal affective disorder

  8. Rates and Course of Bipolar Disorder • Lifetime risk of 1.3% for both genders • 10% have rapid cycling bipolar disorder • Persistent illness • 24% relapsed within 6 months • 77% have at least one new episode within 4 years • High expressed emotion in the family (psychosocial stressor)

  9. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Suicides per 100,000 people The higher suicide rate among men greatly increases in late adulthood 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-44 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Females Males Mood Disorders- Suicide

  10. Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • Video: Psychology: The Human Experience Module 39 • “split mind” • severe psychotic disorder characterized by: • disorganized and delusional thinking (e.g., Lena) • hallucinations (e.g., Terri) • inappropriate emotions and actions

  11. Rates and Course • About 1 in 100 • Course: • Onset: late teens – 30s; earlier in men than women (who have a more favorable course) • Prognosis: • Chronic, debilitating disorder for some: • Multiple hospitalizations • 10-15 % will commit suicide • Many others do not show a progressive deterioration, but stabilize over the years

  12. Causes • Biological • Neurobiological Influences • Increased dopamine activity • Maternal virus during pregnancy? • Increased Risk Based on Genetic Relatedness (next slide)

  13. 40 30 20 10 0 Lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia for relatives of a schizophrenic General population Siblings Children Fraternal twin Children of two Individuals w/ schizophrenia Identical twin Runs in families

  14. Brain Factors • Several brain regions have abnormalities • E.g., Ventricle Enlargement

  15. Psychosocial and cultural factors • Social drift • Stress and relapse • Communication patterns (high E.E.) • Cultural acceptance vs. stigmatization

  16. Using diagnosis on the job “Cop Psychiatrists” (Sci Amer -- segment 33)

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