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Vector Control Module 2B

Vector Control Module 2B. Mosquito borne diseases. Behaviour of mosquitoes. Mosquito Life Cycle. Lymphatic Filariasis. Transmission by mosquitoes Anophelenes and Culicines Filarial worms, Mainly Wuchereria bancrofti, Also Brugia malayi or B. timori. Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Areas.

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Vector Control Module 2B

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  1. Vector ControlModule 2B Mosquito borne diseases

  2. Behaviour of mosquitoes

  3. Mosquito Life Cycle

  4. Lymphatic Filariasis • Transmission by mosquitoes • Anophelenes and Culicines • Filarial worms, Mainly Wuchereria bancrofti, • Also Brugia malayi or B. timori

  5. Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Areas Endemic in 83 countries Guerrant et al 2006, Tropical Infectious Diseases 2nd Ed.

  6. Clinical Disease • Hydrocoele • Elephantiasis • Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

  7. Chichungunya • 'Chikungunya' 'that which bends up' Swahili • 1st documented in 1952 to 1953 in Africa • Alphavirus of family Togaviridae • Primary vectors : Aedes albopictus or aegypti. • 2005 to 2006 - 266,000 cases = 35.0% of the population in Reunion, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. • 2006 –2007 Outbreaks in India, Sri Lanka & Italy

  8. Chikungunya Global Distribution

  9. Outbreaks have increased in scale and frequency in recent years. Distribution follows dengue as it can be transmitted same vectors.

  10. InsecticideTreated Nets (ITN) Also help to reduce fleas and mites in the bed clothing and mattress

  11. Environmental Control The elimination of mosquito breeding sites. In most circumstances, difficult because of lack of staff, the extent of the breeding sites and cost. Some breeding sites may also be the only available water. Malaria mosquitoes can fly several km. Localised (household) grass cutting and bush cleaning not useful for malaria control.

  12. Mosquito prefer pregnant women

  13. Issue for Control #1 • Different insect vectors may peak in different seasons. The malaria vector may be present during the dry season when other mosquito populations are low. It is important to use LLITN throughout the year if you want to control malaria.

  14. Longevity (daily survivorship)

  15. Issue for Control #2 • Mosquitoes don’t live very long – most will die before they can transmit malaria. A mosquito will rest on the wall after it feeds. Therefore Indoor residual spraying (IRS) works It kills the mosquito sometime within the incubation period Spraying your own house, but not the others in the community will not protect your family from malaria.

  16. Issue for Control #3 • At 25º it takes 12 days before a mosquito can transmit malaria – most will die before then. Below 19º malaria can not be transmitted. • Malaria falls off in winter because of the cooler temperature, but can happen before the rains as long as there is ground water • IRS works by killing the mosquito sometime within the incubation period

  17. VBD Control Myths • All mosquitoes are the same • Cutting grass and maize is useful • Filling in puddles around house is useful • Clearing garbage is useful for malaria control • Wearing long sleeve shirts and pants protects • Spraying individual houses protects the family

  18. VBD Control Facts • Sleeping under an LL ITN every night provides good protection against malaria, some filariasis and Lieshmaniasis • IRS also protects equally well against malaria if >85% of houses in a community are sprayed. It may also be effective against mosquito borne Rift valley fever • Larval control works well for dengue fever and to a lesser extend also malaria (i.e. temporary floods etc) but all breeding sites within the flight range of the vector need to be eliminated

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