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Operational Risk Management (ORM) and the Driving Task. Why ORM?. 1999 Estimated 6,289,000 police reported traffic crashes. 41,345 people killed. 3,200,000 people injured.
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Why ORM? • 1999 • Estimated 6,289,000 police reported traffic crashes. • 41,345 people killed. • 3,200,000 people injured. • Risk of crash involvement among drivers 16-19 years old is 4 times the risk among older drivers. • Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!
ORM TERMS • Hazard - A condition with the potential to cause illness, injury, death, property damage, or mission degradation. • Cause – Something that produces and effect, result, or consequence (i.e., the person, event or condition responsible for an action or result).
ORM TERMS • Risk - An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability. • Risk Assessment - The process of detecting hazards and assessing associated risks.
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #1: Identify Hazards • List major steps in your operation/task. • Legs of your driving trip, etc. • Conduct a preliminary hazard analysis. • List hazards associated with each step/leg of your trip. • List the possible causes of the hazards.
STEP #2:Assess HazardsDetermine degree of risk for each hazard. Risk Assessment Codes 1 = Critical 2 = Serious 3 = Moderate 4 = Minor 5 = Negligible Review Categories CAT I = Death, loss of asset CAT II = Severe, injury CAT III = Minor, injury CAT IV = Minimal, injury ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #3: Make Risk Decisions • Develop controls for each hazard. • Reduce until benefit>risk. • Develop controls for most serious hazard first. • Assess each hazard again with controls in place. • Is the task worth the risk?
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #4: Implement Controls • Incorporate your controls. • Communicate selected controls to the lowest level.
ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #5: Supervise • Enforce your standards and controls. • Remain alert for changes and unexpected developments. • Take corrective action if needed.
ORM QUESTIONS
ORM Principles • Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost. • Accept no unnecessary risk. • Anticipate and manage risk by planning. • Make risk decisions at the right level.
ORM AND SAFE DRIVING ORM is a proven and successful tool for operational use, but it has equal application to many types of activities where there is risk associated. A good example is driver safety. Photo
WHY ORM WHEN DRIVING? • Average of 114 persons die each day in motor vehicle crashes – one every 13 minutes. • Vehicle occupants accounted for 85.3% of traffic fatalities in 1998; remaining 14.7% were pedestrians, pedal cyclists, and other non-occupants. • The Naval Safety Center asserts that driver safety is our #1 readiness issue. • Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!
DRIVER SCENARIO • Your unit has been working extremely hard. • CO is granting a 3-day weekend. • You plan a trip. Perception: Driving is not a high risk activity. Reality: Driving is a high risk activity.
STEP #1 – IDENTIFY HAZARDS • Outline the steps in your trip. • List hazards. • What could go wrong during the trip? • What causes things to go wrong?
STEP #1 – IDENTIFY HAZARDS • What could go wrong during the trip? • FATIGUE • VEHICLE BREAKDOWN • DRUNK DRIVERS • SPEEDING • DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED • ROAD CONSTRUCTION • WEATHER & OTHER CONDITIONS • How can I prevent or diminish the associated risks?
STEP #2 – ASSESS HAZARDS FATIGUE – 1/1 VEHICLE BREAKDOWN – 3/5 DRUNK DRIVERS – 1/2 SPEEDING – 1/3 DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED – 3/5 ROAD CONSTRUCTION – 3/4 WEATHER & OTHER CONDITIONS – 1/1 FATIGUE – 1/1 WEATHER & OTHER CONDITIONS – 1/1 DRUNK DRIVERS – 1/2 SPEEDING – 1/3 ROAD CONSTRUCTION – 3/4 DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED – 3/5 VEHICLE BREAKDOWN – 3/5
STEP #3 – MAKE RISK DECISIONS FOUR MAJOR AREAS: 1. DEVELOP CONTROLS. 2. REASSESS HAZARDS FOR RESIDUAL RISK. 3. DOES THE TASK BENEFIT OUTWEIGH THE RISK INVOLVED? 4. SHOULD YOU CANCEL, POSTPONE, OR REVISE?
STEP #4 – IMPLEMENT CONTROLS • MORAL COURAGE • JUDGMENT • COMMUNICATION SKILLS
STEP #5 - SUPERVISE • Enforce standards and controls. • Remain alert for changes. • Take corrective action when and where necessary.
REVIEW Principles Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost. Accept no unnecessary risk . Anticipate and manage risk by planning. Make risk decisions at the right level. Values Accountable for actions. . . Be there for your shipmates… ‘Work smart’ avoid shortcuts/steps that may cause injury or damage… Minimize risk taking … Plan ahead. . . Take time to plan… Ask yourself the right questions. . . Support the chain of command. . . Know that you have choices… Do the right thing. . .right… Honor Courage Commitment