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Animal Architecture

Animal Architecture. WORD OF THE DAY. onomastics. Trends in Animal Evolution. 1. Levels of organization. protoplasmic.  cellular.  cell-tissue.  tissue-organ.  organ system. Trends in Animal Evolution. 2. Symmetry. Trends in Animal Evolution. Radial Cleavage (Deuterostomes).

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Animal Architecture

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  1. Animal Architecture WORD OF THE DAY onomastics

  2. Trends in Animal Evolution 1. Levels of organization protoplasmic  cellular  cell-tissue  tissue-organ  organ system

  3. Trends in Animal Evolution 2. Symmetry

  4. Trends in Animal Evolution RadialCleavage (Deuterostomes) SpiralCleavage (Protostomes) 3. Development cleavage

  5. Trends in Animal Evolution RadialCleavage (Deuterostomes) Regulative development (a.k.a. indeterminant) echinoderms, chordates SpiralCleavage (Protostomes) Mosaic development (a.k.a. determinant) molluscs, annelids, arthropods 3. Development cytoplasmic specification

  6. Trends in Animal Evolution anus coelom 3. Development dermal layers Enterocoelous (deuterostomes) Mesoderm forms from outpockets of endoderm Gastrula stage ectoderm endoderm mouth Schizocoelous (protostomes) Cells migrate from existing cell layers, forming a solid tissue layer which splits

  7. Trends in Animal Evolution 3. Development Hox genes (aka homeotic genes)

  8. Trends in Animal Evolution 3. Development The result!

  9. Trends in Animal Evolution 4. Body Plans “Tube within a tube” vs. sac-like body plan Increased digestion efficiency Increased absorption efficiency Tissue specialization Development of organs

  10. Trends in Animal Evolution 5. Body cavity Pseudocoelomate Coelomate Acoelomate endodermmesodermectoderm

  11. Trends in Animal Evolution 6. Segmentation

  12. Trends in Animal Evolution 7. Triploblasty

  13. Animal Cells and Tissues

  14. Epithelial Tissue • Covers body surface • Lines body cavities Three types Cuboidal(cube-shaped) Squamous(flattened) Columnar(elongated) Two States Simple(single layer) Stratified(more than one layer)

  15. Ciliated Epithelial Tissue

  16. Connective Tissue Binds, supports, protects, forms blood, stores fats, fills spaces Cells are separated from one another by non-cellular matrix

  17. Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue Forms protective layer over muscles, blood vessels, & nerves Occurs beneath epithelium in skin & internal organs (lungs, bladder, arteries) Adipose tissue

  18. Connective Tissue Fibrous Connective Tissue a. forms tendons (connect muscle to bone) and ligaments (connect bone to bone) b. forms cartilage (has structural proteins in matrix between cells) c. forms bone (has calcium salts in matrix between cells)

  19. Connective Tissue WBC RBC Liquid matrix Blood Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen White blood cells (leukocytes) function in immune system Plasma transports glucose, wastes, CO2, hormones Platelets (cell fragments) function in blood clotting

  20. Muscle Tissue Striated Muscle Skeletal muscle Voluntary muscle movement Smooth Muscle Digestive system, reproductive tract, blood vessels Involuntary muscle (autonomic) movement

  21. Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Striated muscle found only in the heart

  22. Nervous Tissue Axon Cell body Dendrites Nerve cell = neuron

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