1 / 5

Philosophical Method

Philosophical Method. Logic: A Calculus For Good Reason Clarification, Not Obfuscation Distinctions and Disambiguation Examples and Counterexamples Revealing Our Deepest Convictions Testing Our Principles and Definitions. Logic: Primary Philosophical Tool.

vern
Download Presentation

Philosophical Method

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Philosophical Method • Logic: A Calculus For Good Reason • Clarification, Not Obfuscation • Distinctions and Disambiguation • Examples and Counterexamples • Revealing Our Deepest Convictions • Testing Our Principles and Definitions

  2. Logic: Primary Philosophical Tool • Logic Gives Us Rules For Reasoning • Arguments And Their Parts • Premises • Sub and Main Conclusions • Note: Relation Between Premises and Conclusion Is What Matters • Calculus For Generating New Beliefs On Basis Of Old Ones

  3. Types Of Argument: Two Main Forms Of Inference • Deductive Inference • Validity: If The Premises Are True, The Conclusion Must Be True • Distinguishing Validity From Truth • Arguments: Valid Or Invalid; Not True Or False • Premises: True Of False; Not Valid Or Invalid • Logicians Care More About Truth Preservation Than Truth • Soundness: Valid AND True Premises

  4. Logical Schema • Symbolic Variables • Some Common Deductive Forms: • Categorical Syllogism • Modus Ponens • Modus Tollens

  5. Non-Deductive Reasoning • Inductive Inference • Probability: If The Premises Are True, The Conclusion is Probably True • Inference To Next Case • Universal Generalization • Inference To Best Explanation • Appealing To Best Hypothesis • Fallacies

More Related