Luther Leads the Reformation

1. Luther Leads the Reformation Section 3

2. Setting the Stage and Causes of the Reformation • Catholic church dominates • Practices were criticized • Church leaders wanted wealth and power • Criticism will lead to rebellion • Causes of Reformation • Emphasis on _____________________ • Printing press spread _________________ • Monarchies challenge ___________ power • Merchants hated paying ______________ to church in Rome • New movement begins in ____________________

3. Criticisms of the Catholic Church • Leaders were corrupt • Pope Alexander VI fathered many ______________ • Many priest and monks could not r______________, they drank, and some married • Early calls for reform • People expected higher standards of clergy • ________________________and __________________– two well known people who called for church reforms • They argued the _______________ had more authority than church leaders • People were also reading religious work and forming their own opinions

4. Luther Challenges the Church • Taught scripture at University of _______________ • The 95 Theses • Took public stand against Friar ___________ • Tetzel was raising $ to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral • $ raised by selling ___________________- • pardon for sin • They could buy their way into heaven • 95 Theses written in response • Posted on door of church in Wittenberg, Germany on ______________________ • Invited scholars to debate him • Someone took these to ____________________________ • These actions began the __________________________- movement for religious reform

5. Luther’s Teachings • Went beyond criticizing indulgences • 3 main ideas: • Salvation only by ______________…. Not “good works” • Teachings from _________ only… church traditions and Pope are false authorities • All people with faith are _____________… priests not needed to interpret Bible

6. The Response to Luther • Attracted followers because it became a way to challenge church control • Pope’s Threat • Viewed Luther as ________________ • Luther urged Christians to oust the Pope • Pope Leo X- threatened Luther with _____________________ – which he did

7. Impact of Luther’s Teaching Peasant Revolt Germany at War Some German Princes supported both Lutheranism and some Catholicism Those who were against Luther and his reform ideas were called ___________________________ _____________________________– agreement reached that stated the Princes could decide which religion his state would be – ended fighting Religious Freedom in Germany • Revolt occurred inspired by Luther’s ideas • This revolt went against Luther’s wishes • German Princes stopped the revolt (killing _______________ in the process) • Many peasants felt betrayed by Luther

8. Another Challenge to the Church • Henry wanted to divorce his wife Catherine, 42, and marry a younger wife, they had 1 daughter, Mary • Church law said no __________ • Pope offered to ____________, or set aside, his marriage but Henry refused England Become Protestant King Henry VIII, a Catholic, wanted a son to carry on his name. He was also against the ideas of Luther.

9. Henry got parliament to end Pope’s power in England – this became known as the ________________________ Parliament • Henry married a younger _________________________ • _________________________– named Henry as the head of England’s Church • Pope and Catholic Church are out of England Henry VIII

10. Anne Boleyn gave him a daughter, ______________ • Anne was found guilty of treason and beheaded • Jane Seymour, 3rd wife, gave him a son, _____________– Jane died • Henry married ______ more times – no more children Consequences of Henry The Family

11. 1547 - Edward , 9 when he ruled, was controlled by _________________ advisors and reforms(ruled only 6 years) • 1553- Mary, a Catholic, brought the Pope back in as leader of the church (she had many Protestants killed) • 1558 -________________ ruled – set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church (mix of Protestant and Catholic ways) • Beginning of the Elizabethan Age (1558 – 1663) Rule of Henry’s children

12. The Reformation Continues

13. Reformation Continues • John Calvin • Believed that God choose very few people to save – These people were called the ___________________ • “God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved” – this is called ___________________________ • Religion based on Calvin’s teachings is called ____________________________

14. Calvinism • Promoted that the ideal government was a _________________________ or government controlled by religious leaders • Established this in Switzerland – Strict rules • 1)_____________________________________ • 2)_____________________________________ Penalty for breaking rules was ___________________________________________

15. Protestantism Spreads • John Knox heavily influenced by John Calvin • He established a community where all the churches were governed by laymen, ___________ or _____________________ • Became known as ________________________ Many Protestant churches can trace their roots back to John Calvin

16. Other Protestant Reforms • Protestants believed that the __________ was the source for all religious truth. As Christians read the Bible, new groups formed. • Anabaptist – Believed that people who had been baptized as ___________________ should be baptized as __________________. • Believed that ______________ and _________________ should be separate • Refused to fight in _________________ • Persecuted by both Catholics and other Protestants

17. Catholic Reformation • Many Catholics remained loyal to the church despite the problems • The movement to correct the problems within the Catholic church became known as the _____________________________________, or Counter Reformation. • A group that was formed out of this was the _________________

18. Catholic Reformation • Many Catholics remained loyal to the church despite the problems • The movement to correct the problems within the Catholic church became known as the _____________________________________, or Counter Reformation. • A group that was formed out of this was the _________________

19. Council of Trent • The Council of Trent was formed to created new rules, or doctrines, for the church to follow • 1. ______________________________________ • 2. ______________________________________ • 3. ______________________________________ • 4. ______________________________________

20. Legacy of the Reformation • On a separate sheet of paper, Identify 3 Religious and Social impacts of the Reformation. • Also identify 3 Political impacts of the Reformation