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Enzymes

Enzymes. Anusorn Cherdthong , PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748. Introduction. Enzymes are protein--<activated reaction Catabolism Anabolism Re-formation when end of reaction

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes AnusornCherdthong, PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th • E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748

  2. Introduction • Enzymes are protein--<activated reaction • Catabolism • Anabolism • Re-formation when end of reaction • Gain the products

  3. Role of enzyne McDonald et al. (2011)

  4. Type of enzymes • Simple protein: biological activity without nonprotein part • Conjugated protein or holoenzyme: biological activity with apoenzyme and cofactor

  5. Classification of enzymes By The International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) • Oxidoreductases • Transferases • Hydrolases • Lyases • Isomerases • Ligases • Synthase

  6. Classification of enzymes • Oxidoreductases: addition/remove H atom • dehydrogenases • Oxidases • Peroxidases • Catalases • Oxygenases • hydroxylases • (Riis, 1983; McDonaldet al., 2011)

  7. Classification of enzymes • Transferases: group transfer • Transaldolases • Transketolases, acyl, glucosyl • Phosphoryltransferases, kinases • Phosphomutases

  8. Classification of enzymes • Hydrolases: activation of hydrolysis • Esterasesglycosidases • Peptidases • Phosphatases • Thiolases • Phospholipases • Amidases • Deaminases • Ribonucleases

  9. Classification of enzymes • Lyases: on double bondaddition of water/ammonia/CO2 • Aldolases • Hydratases • Dehydratases • Synthases • Lyases

  10. Classification of enzymes • Isomerases: Group transfer to be an isomer • Racemases • Isomerases • mutases

  11. Classification of enzymes • Ligases or synthase: molecule formation with new bond • Pyruvatecarboxylase

  12. Property of enzymes • High specificity on substrate • All enzymes are protein (12000-1000000 da) activate on native conformation • Activity of enzyme depend on amino acid group

  13. Specificity enzymes Induced-fit theory The lock and key theory McDonald et al. (2011)

  14. Factor affecting on enzymes • Temperate • pH • Concentration of enzyme • Concentration of substrate

  15. Enzymes control • Nonactive form: pepsinogen etc • Covalent modification: add phosphory group into AA group • End product; inhibition on enzymes • Regulatory protein: calmodulin

  16. Enzymes inhibitor • Irreversible inhibitor: iodoacetamide • Reversible inhibitor • competitive inhibitor • noncompetitive inhibitor • uncompetitive inhibition

  17. Enzymes in Animal nutrition • Amylase • -galactozidase • Cellulase • Pectinase • Protease • glucose oxidase • Calatase • Lipoxygenase

  18. 1 2 3 Conclusion Role of enzyme Enzyme activity and control Classification of enzyme

  19. Thank you!

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