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Unit 1 Outline

Unit 1 Outline. Meera Keshav , Hannah Bell, Kathryn Brandos , Brianna Bockman. Cells:. Shrink/crenate in hypertonic solution Water leaves cell Swell, can lyse in hypotonic solution Water enters cell Remains the same in isotonic solution Water enters and leaves cell at same rate.

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Unit 1 Outline

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  1. Unit 1 Outline MeeraKeshav, Hannah Bell, Kathryn Brandos, Brianna Bockman

  2. Cells: • Shrink/crenate in hypertonic solution • Water leaves cell • Swell, can lyse in hypotonic solution • Water enters cell • Remains the same in isotonic solution • Water enters and leaves cell at same rate

  3. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  4. Carbohydrates • Made up of sugars for energy and structure • Monosaccharides for quick energy • Dissacharides for short storage • Polysachharides for long storage and forming structures • Glycogen, cellulose, chitin

  5. Lipids: • Triglycerides: fats and oils • Phospholipids: primary component of cell membrane • Steroids: cell signaling. Can pass trhough lipid membranes. • Waxes: Protection and prevents water loss.

  6. Proteins: • The building blocks of proteins are 20 types of Amino Acids. • Amino acids join together to form peptides, polypeptides, and polypeptide chains. • Structural proteins and enzymes.

  7. Nucleic Acids: • Nucleortides: building blocks of nucleic acids. Contains a phosphate, a nitrogenous base and a 5-carbon sugar. • DNA, RNA, and ATP.

  8. Blood pH • pHbelow 7: acid. • pHabove 7: base • pH=7: amphoteric (neutral) • Buffers resist pH changes. • More carbon dioxide in the blood equals more acid=lower pH • Blood pH= 7.35 • Acidosis= pH below 7.35 • Depresses the nervous system • Coma state • Alkalosis= pH above 7.45 • Overexcites the nervous system • Convulsions of the body

  9. Levels of Organization: Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atom Molecule – water molecule, glucose molecule Macromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell Tissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – skin, femur Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system Organism - human

  10. Homeostasis • The body’s maintenance of a stable environment • Homeostatic Mechanisms: the factors that control the different aspects of the environment and corrects the changes: • Receptors - provide information • Control center - tells what a particular value should be • Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment

  11. Body Cavities

  12. Anatomical Terminology • Anatomical Position – body standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward • Terms of Relative Position • Superior versus Inferior • Anterior versus Posterior • Medial versus Lateral • Proximal versus Distal • Superficial versus Deep

  13. Body sections • Sagittal/midsagittal • Transverse(cross) • Coronal(frontal) • oblique

  14. Abdominal Sections

  15. Body Regions

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