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Agrarian Reform In Iran

Agrarian Reform In Iran . Samira Farahani , Iran ICRICAT 7-11 th February 2005 – India. History of Land Reform in IRAN. Socioeconomic situation of the last 40 years :. Unstable political situation; US Congress recommendation to settle political unrest;

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Agrarian Reform In Iran

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  1. Agrarian Reform In Iran Samira Farahani, Iran ICRICAT 7-11th February 2005 – India

  2. History ofLand ReforminIRAN

  3. Socioeconomic situation of thelast 40 years: • Unstable political situation; • US Congress recommendation to settle political unrest; • Progress lead to the White Revolution - The most important output: Land Reform

  4. Main objectives • Political • Settle political unrest • Social • The distribution of land ownership from landlords to small farmers • To gain popularity with the majority population • Economic • Improvement of the overall economic situation through agricultural development

  5. Agriculture and natural resources Socioeconomic situation Failure Nomadic peoples Land Reform Impacts

  6. Destruction of traditional management systems Soil and water management system Participatory farming Elimination of traditional agricultural boarders Nationalisation of natural resources including rangelands and forests Elimination of crop diversity and introduction of monoculture for industrial agriculture Agriculture&Natural Resources

  7. Socioeconomic Situation • Deterioration of relationships • Migration to cities • Poverty • Unemployment • Drugs • Marginalisation • Smuggling • Trafficking • … • Expansion of cities

  8. Land Reform Failure • Lack of initial capital to farm small lands • Selling of small lands back to large landlords • Farmers working for large landlords on the same land • Migration to cities • Consumer society • Larger disparities • Loss of traditional identity

  9. Nomadic PastoralistsofIran

  10. More than 90% of Iran’s surface is arid or semi-arid land; • Migrating pastoralists number 1.3 million according to government figures(or about 700 tribes and independent clans); • In a highly variable environment, seasonal mobility of humans and livestock is an ecological necessity; • Rangelands have shown signs of severe pressure over the past several decades due to over cultivation as well as the intrusion of government and private sector into what was previously common-property rangelands and tribal migration routes and rights of way; • Recent international experience has established that over-cultivation of marginal lands is a major threat to drylands.

  11. Land ReformandNomadic Pastoralists of Iran • During the pre-1963 land reform, pastoralist communities used common property management systems. The land reform programme of the Shah alienated the pastoralists from their common property land and customary rights. • The long-term consequences of land reform policies have been the disintegration of the social system of nomadic pastoral communities and the weakening of sustainable management systems for natural resources.

  12. What Can We Do?

  13. CENESTA’sExperience • Community Sustainable Investment Fund of the Council of Elders of the Kuhi Sub-tribe of the Qashqai; • Sustainable livelihoods; • Restoration of the traditional customary institutions; • Official recognition of the Council of Elders • Community Conserved Areas (CCA);

  14. Legal support service to nomads; • legal education; • legal information; • judicial support; • documentation of customary tribal laws related to natural resources; • legal reform; • legal advocacy

  15. Thank you for your attention! Samira2@cenesta.org www.cenesta.org

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