WARM UP: 1. Please place your section Review in the hwk bin– I will be giving this back to you.

9th Grade Objectives 9/26/2013 R*E*S*P*E*C*T ACCEPTANCE Quietly work on the WARMUP!!!! WARM UP: 1. Please place your section Review in the hwk bin– I will be giving this back to you. 2. Take out your ABC’s AGENDA: 1. Practice Makes Perfect Review 2. Chapter 1 and 2 Section Review- Practical Style with Bio Buddy 3. Mineral Identification Chart GOAL: I will clear up any misconceptions I have regarding rocks and minerals by asking questions. Homework: STUDY! STUDY! STUDY!!

Practice makes Perfect! 1) The following rock is… • Metamorphic • Sedimentary • Igneous B.

Practice makes Perfect! 2) What type of composition is this sedimentary rock? • Clastic • Chemical • Organic C.

Practice makes Perfect! 3) The following rock is… • Metamorphic • Sedimentary • Igneous C.

Practice makes Perfect! 4) What type of formation is this igneous rock? • Intrusive • Extrusive • None of the above B.

Practice makes Perfect! C. 5) The following rock is… • Metamorphic • Sedimentary • Igneous

Practice makes Perfect! 6) What type of formation is this igneous rock? • Intrusive • Extrusive • None of the above B.

Practice makes Perfect! B. 7) The following rock is… • Metamorphic • Sedimentary • Igneous

Practice makes Perfect! A. 8) What type of composition is this sedimentary rock? • Clastic • Chemical • Organic

Practice makes Perfect! 10) What type of composition is this sedimentary rock? • Clastic • Chemical • Organic A.

Practice makes Perfect! A. 11) This rock is… • Metamorphic • Sedimentary • Igneous

Practice makes Perfect! A. 12) This rock is… • Foliated • Nonfoliated • Striated

Practice makes Perfect! 14) What type of formation is this igneous rock? • Intrusive • Extrusive • None of the above A.

Practice makes Perfect! 16) What type of composition is this sedimentary rock? • Clastic • Chemical • Organic A.

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 1. Minerals are 1)naturally formed, 2) Solid, 3) Inorganic, and 4) Have a crystal structure • 2. Color – Outward appearance of the mineral • Streak – The color of the powder that a mineral leaves on a piece of porcelain • Luster – The way the surface of the mineral reflects light • Cleavage or Fracture – The ability of a mineral to break along smooth, flat surfaces (cleavage) or the tendency to break along irregular surfaces (fracture) • Hardness – A minerals resistance to being scratched • Density – The amount of mass per given volume (m/v)

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 3. Silicon, Chlorine, Sodium, Calcium, Carbon, Sulfur, Aluminum, Potassium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Fluorine • 4. Silicate- Si, O and 1 other metal • Oxide- elements (Al, Fe) combining with O • Sulfides- 1 or more elements combined with S • Halides- Fl, Cl, I, or Br combine with Na, K or Ca • Carbonate- Combinations of C and O • Native Element- Ag, Au • 5. Fluorescence, chemical reactions (fizzing), magnetism, taste, and radioactivity

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 6. Moh’s hardness scale can be used to test the hardness of a mineral. Diamond is the hardest mineral on the scale with a hardness of 10 and talc is the softest mineral on the scale with a hardness of one. • 7. Fingernail (2.5), a penny (3.5) anda glass slide (5.5) • 8. A mineral can have metallic or nonmetallic luster.

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 9. Plutons – When magma moves upwards it will stop moving before it reaches the surface and cool slowly forming minerals • Metamorphic Rocks – changes in temperature and pressure can alter the chemical makeup and form new minerals • Hot-water Solutions – Groundwater can be heated by magma and react to form hot solutions. Dissolved metals and elements can crystallize from the solution to form minerals • Evaporation – When a body of salt water dries up minerals such as halite and gypsum can be left behind • Limestone – Dissolved minerals can be deposited in bodies of water and crystallize on the bottom • Pegmatites - A tear-drop shaped intrusion underground where minerals form and crystallize

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 10. 1) Surface Mining- Minerals are at or near the surface and are mined from the top of the Earth and layered down. An example is a quarry. 2) Subsurface Mining – Used when mineral deposits are located too deep with the Earth to be surface mined. An example would be any mine with shafts. • 11. Mine reclamation is the process in which land that was mined is returned to its original condition after mining is completed. Reclamation is important because it can reduce the potential harmful effects of mining. • 12. Rocks are naturally occurring solids that are made of a mixture of one or more minerals and organic material.

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 13. Rocks – Mixture of minerals and organic (once living) material • Minerals – Definite composition and inorganic material • 14. Weathering – The breakdown or rock into sediment due to wind, water, etc. • Erosion – The movement of sediment from one place to another • Deposition – The settlement of sediment in a specific location typically in bodies of water or low-lying areas • Heat/Pressure – Extreme heat and pressure causes rock to go through metamorphism • Uplift – The movement within the Earth that causes rock inside the Earth to move to the surface

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 15. Weathering breaks the rock into fragments called sediment and erosion is simply the movement of that sediment to another location. • 16. The chemical makeup of the rock; either mineral types or other materials. • 17. The texture is based upon the size of the rock’s grains. Rocks can either be fine-grained, medium-grained, or coarse-grained. • 18. Igneous is the type of rock that forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies.

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 19. Intrusive – Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma within the Earth’s surface; typically coarse-grained and cool very slowly. • Extrusive – Rock that forms due to volcanic activity at or near the Earth’s surface; typically very small crystals or no crystals at all and cools very quickly • 20. What will a rock look like if it cools quickly? If a rock cools quickly it will have small crystals or look glassy. What will it look like if it cools slowly? If a rock cool slowly there will be larger crystals and it will be coarse-grained. • 21. Sedimentary rock forms at or near the Earth’s surface without heat and pressure. Instead, sedimentary rock is formed when compaction and cementation occur.

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 22. Clastic – Made from fragments of rock cemented together by a mineral • Chemical – Made from solutions of dissolved minerals and water that go through crystallization • Organic – Made from the remains of once-living plants and animals • 23. Stratification is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers or strata • 24. Metamorphic rock forms through metamorphism in which the rock changes form due to heat and pressure

Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 Review Sheet ANSWERS: • 25. Contact metamorphism – Occurs near igneous inclusions by the intense heat of the magma • Regional metamorphism – Pressure builds up in rock that is buried deep below other rock formation. This pressure causes rock to become deformed and chemically change • 26. Foliated metamorphic rock will contain aligned grains of flat minerals and nonfoliated rock does not have aligned minerals • 27. Deformation is the change in shape of a rock caused by a force placed on the rock causing it to squeeze or stretch

WARM UP: 1. Please place your section Review in the hwk bin– I will be giving this back to you.