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Chapter 26

Chapter 26. What was World War Two?. Largest war in human history Involved countries, colonies, and territories around the entire world By the end, over 70 million were dead It lasted from 1939 - 1945. Europe: Before World War One. Europe following WWI.

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Chapter 26

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  1. Chapter 26

  2. What was World War Two? • Largest war in human history • Involved countries, colonies, and territories around the entire world • By the end, over 70 million were dead • It lasted from 1939 - 1945

  3. Europe: Before World War One

  4. Europe following WWI • Armistice from WWI was signed at 11:00 AM on 11/11/1918. • The treaty of Versailles was signed blaming Germany for the war. • Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points in the treaty outlined how Germany was to repay it’s war crimes. • The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were split up. • The League of Nations was developed to keep world peace. • War debts lead to printing more money which leads to inflation. • Depression of 1929!

  5. Causes • World War One and the treaty of Versailles • Appeasement • Rise of Totalitarianism

  6. World War One and the Treaty of Versailles • Germany lost land to surrounding nations • War reparations • War debts – 50 billion marks (actual payout was about 20 billion marks or 5 billion dollars) • Germans are • Bankrupt • Embarrassed • Guilt ridden • Angry • Desperate people turn to desperate leaders

  7. Rise of Totalitarianism • System of government in which the political authority exercises TOTAL control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed • Individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation • No right to vote • No free speech • Government controlled economy • Often a police state

  8. Totalitarianism Germany and Italy Fascist Dictatorship USSR Communist Dictatorship Japan Military Dictatorship Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Josef Stalin Hideki Tojo

  9. The war of appeasement. • The world stands by: • As Germany rebuilds its military aggressively. • As Italy invades Ethiopia and Albania. • As Germany reoccupies the Rhineland (part of Germany given back to France after WWI. • As Hitler orders his SS troops to begin the persecution of Jews. • As Hideki Tojo orders the invasion of Manchuria (China) by his Japanese military.

  10. Fascism • “Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State.” • Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, The Doctrine of Fascism, 1932 • Adolf Hitler • Mein Kampf, 1924 • Racial superiority of the Germanic peoples • Blamed the Jews for many of Germany’s problems

  11. Russia • Josef Stalin became dictator of the Soviet Union by 1928 • Communist leader • Terrorized those he saw as political enemies • Killed or imprisoned millions of Soviet citizens

  12. Russia • The Soviets sign non-aggression pact (8/23/39) with Germany which Germany later breaks by invading the Soviet Union (6/22/41). • Soviet Union involved in empire building under Stalin: Invading Finland (11/30/39) and Eastern Poland (9/17/39). • Only the betrayal of Stalin by Hitler forced Soviets to give up empire-building and align with the allies.

  13. Japanese Imperialism • 1938 + 39 Japan invades and conquers much of Chinese mainland, killing hundreds of thousands. • In September of 1942 the Empire of Japan reaches it’s greatest size dominating the vast majority of Southeast Asia.

  14. German Expansion • Hitler dreams of avenging Germany’s defeat in WWI • He violated the Treaty of Versailles • Rebuilt the German military • Invaded neighboring Rhineland in 1936 • Germany signs an alliance with Italy and forms the Axis Powers • Japan later joins this pact

  15. Sudetenland • Hitler sets his sights on Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia • Czechs turn to allies Great Britain and France • Neither wants to fight • Took appeasement approach—a policy of avoiding war with an aggressive nation by giving into its demands • Germany is given Sudetenland in return for a promise not to demand more land

  16. Winston Churchill • British Admiral Winston Churchill was convinced this would not stop Hitler

  17. Hitler Moves West • August 1939: Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact • Sept. 1, 1939: Germans invade Poland • World War Two begins

  18. War Begins • Sept. 3, 1939: Britain and France, the Allied Powers, declare war on Germany • Hitler uses blitzkrieg or “lightning war”, a strategy of quick and hard attacks on Poland • Allied Powers are not prepared • Oct. 1939: German and Soviet forces control Poland • http://youtu.be/8ha0qKquG2E

  19. Spring 1940: Germany quickly conquers Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands • June 22, 1940: France surrenders to Germany, but French resistance continues • Hitler then prepares to invade Britain

  20. Battle of Britain • July 1940: Luftwaffe, or German air force, begins attacking British planes and airfields • August 1940: Luftwaffe begins bombing British cities • British Royal Air Force some 2,300 Luftwaffe aircraft • Used new technology of radar • Hitler canceled the invasion of Britain

  21. U.S. Joins the War • U.S. opposed Hitler’s actions but refused to enter the war • 1940: Roosevelt is re-elected • 1941: Roosevelt proposed and Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act—allowed the president to aid any nations believed vital to U.S. defense • Began sending war supplies and assistance to Great Britain, China, and other Allied countries • Sent supplied to the Soviet Union after Hitler invaded in July 1941

  22. Attack on Pearl Harbor • July 1941: Japan attacks French Indochina • Japan plans large scale attack on U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii • Dec. 7, 1941: Japanese planes attack Pearl Harbor

  23. Pearl Harbor • Sank or damaged all U.S. naval battleships anchored at Pearl Harbor • More than 2,400 Americans killed • Almost 200 airplanes destroyed • Dec. 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on Japan • Germany declares war on the United States • http://youtu.be/WqNY88Amuzw

  24. Preparing for War • Businesses • Factories ran 24/7 • Agricultural production increased • Mobilizing for war brought an end to the Great Depression • Soldiers • Selective Service Act of 1940 • More than 16 million Americans serve during the war

  25. Preparing for War • Government • War Production Board: Oversaw the conversion of factories to war production • Increased taxes • Sold war bonds • Civilians • Collected scrap metal to be used in factories • Learned to use less in order to supply overseas troops

  26. http://youtu.be/9CQ0M0wx00s

  27. Propaganda • Political advertising for a particular position that may distort the truth or include false information • Relies on emotions and values to persuade an audience to accept a particular position • Focuses on its own message without considering other positions • Relies on biases and assumptions • May distort or alter evidence to make the case • Ignores the consequences of accepting a particular position

  28. Women in the Workforce • New opportunities for women • Government urged women to fill the positions of men • Women worked in factories at jobs traditionally held by men

  29. Women in the Military • 300,000 women served in non-combat positions • Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps • Women’s Airforce Service • http://youtu.be/jdzI5vEb9yM • Army and Navy nurses served in combat areas

  30. African Americans • A. Philip Randolph fought for fair treatment in the workplace • Roosevelt issues an order prohibiting racial discrimination in the government and companies producing war goods

  31. African Americans in the Military • About 1 million African Americans serve • Most serve in segregated units • The Tuskegee Airmen • Led by Benjamin O. Davis • He becomes the first African American general in the U.S. Air Force • Flew thousands of successful combat missions • http://youtu.be/qMPLpExgkGg

  32. Mexican Americans • About 300,000 served • Many found wartime jobs in the Midwest and on the West Coast • Braceros: Farm workers brought in from Mexico to make up for the shortage of farm workers

  33. Mexican American Youth Culture • Blended different music styles and clothing styles • Zoot suits: fancy loose fitting outfits with lose fitting hats • Many faced discrimination • Zoot suit riots: sailors attacked Mexican Americans wearing zoot suits

  34. Japanese Americans • Americans begin to look at Japanese Americans with fear and suspicion • Roosevelt issues Executive Order 9066 • Allowed the government to begin internment, or forced relocation and imprisonment , of Japanese Americans • 115,000 were removed from homes and held in isolated internment camps

  35. Internment Camps • Japanese Americans banned from serving in the military • Policy is reversed in 1943 • 33,000 Japanese Americans go on to serve in WWII • http://youtu.be/6mr97qyKA2s

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