1 / 11

Systematics

Systematics. ordering living organisms by groups called taxa taxa are ordered from largest to smallest; the smallest taxon is called the specific epithet. Classification Hierarchy : e.g. Mockingbird. Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class - Aves Order- Passeriformes Family- Mimidae

vega
Download Presentation

Systematics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Systematics • ordering living organisms by groups called taxa • taxa are ordered from largest to smallest; the smallest taxon is called the specific epithet

  2. Classification Hierarchy: e.g. Mockingbird • Kingdom-Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Class- Aves • Order- Passeriformes • Family- Mimidae • Genus - Mimus • Specific Epithet- polyglottos

  3. Species is biologically meaningful, all other taxanomic levels are subject to the philosophies of systematics.

  4. Traditional Classification of Vertebrates • Kingdom Animalia: Multi-celled animals are classified into 18 major phyla. Each phylum represents a group that shares in common a set of characters that is unique among animals. • Phylum Chordata (74,500)- vertebrates, tunicates, lancelets; possess a dorsal hollow nerve cord, notocord, and gill slits

  5. Subphylum Vertebrata • Class Agnatha- lampreys • Class Chondrichthyes- cartilaginous fish • Class Osteichthyes- bony fish • Class Amphibia- amphibians • Class Reptilia- reptiles • Class Aves- birds • Class Mammalia- mammals

  6. Conventions for Printing Scientific Names • The genus and species name constitute the scientific name for the species. • The genus and species names must always be underlined or printed in italics indicating they are derived from a foreign language. • The genus name should always be capitalized and the species name should always be lower case. • All other taxa are capitalized.

  7. Cladistics- Phylogenetic Systematics reflects phylogenetic or evolutionary history of the organism.

  8. Basic Tenants of Phylogenetic Systematics • Only shared derived characters are useful in deducing relationships. • Speciation produces two sister species. • Speciation is recognizable only if the divergence of the populations are accompanied by the origin of a derived character.

  9. Some Definitions • monophyletic- the clade contains the ancestor and all descendants • paraphyletic- some divergent taxa are excluded • polyphyletic- unrelated species that look alike (homologous species) are merged into taxa

  10. autoapomorphic -vs- synapomorphic autoapomorphic- a derived character state occurring in a single descendent taxon synapomorphic- a shared derived character in two or more taxa

  11. Chordate Phylogeny

More Related