Fifth Framework Program

1. Fifth Framework Program Aid in the management and European comparisonof Municipal Solid WASte Treatment methodsfor a global and sustainable approachPresentation of the simulator

2. Summary • General concepts of simulation • heritage • concepts • Facts: what is the AWAST simulator? • Integration of “modelling” WPs • Use of simulation

3. Simulation statique ? Dimensionner Optimiser Simulator tool is a “cultural” heritage Simulation Waste 1986 USIM 1992 Modecom 1988 USIM PAC 1995 USIM PAC for Windows 1992 1996 Incineration Waste 1994 Hydro- metallurgy 1997

4. Simulation of waste treatments REZEDA 1997 Mont-De-Marsan 1999 2000

5. Basic data types in a simulator • Simulator structure • Flowsheet • Streams, Nodes • Phases model • Phases (physical) • Size classes, components, substances,… • Simulator operation • Quantities in streams • Flowrates, Grades • Equipment description • Parameters for each model of unit operation • Performances, Sizes, Operating conditions, Others

6. Basic concepts • Stream • several phases • flowrate • size classes • components • chemical elements • Process • associated to a unit operation model • or a workshop (sub-flowsheet)

7. Basic use - direct simulation • Supplied data • Feed stream • All process models • Results calculated by process models • All streams • Energy balance • Costs Process 1 Process 3 Process 2 Process 4

8. Basic use - Reverse simulation • Supplied data • Feed stream(s) • Output stream(s) • Partly defined process model • Results calculated by simulator • Missing parameters of process model Process Variable ? As close as possible

9. Basic use - Objective driven simulation • Supplied data • Feed stream • Partly defined process models • Objective streams • Results calculated by process models • All streams • Missing parameters of process models • Energy balance • Costs Process 1 Process 3 Process 2 Process 4

10. WP7 - Integration • Supplying a simulation tool integrating the results of thematic workpackages 1 to 6 • WP1: structural changes • WP2 to 6: models development Model integration Simulator development and Validation

11. WP7 - Integration of WP1-3 results • System definition - WP1 • Flowsheet and phases • Energetic models - WP2 • Incineration and Landfill models • Costs models - WP3 • Collection, sorting, incineration, composting, landfill models

12. WP7 - Integration of WP4-6 results • Collection, transport, sorting, landfill - WP4 • Collection model and software (.xls) • Biological treatments - WP5 • Database of 3 plants completely defined • Fermentation model • Thermal treatments - WP6 • Grate furnace incineration model

13. WP1 integration • Definition of 50 processes and numerous flows

14. WP1 integration • Waste matrix ->phases model and flows data

15. WP1 integration result • A guide to draw flowsheets • process name • stream name • A database of default values for flows • A definition of systems enabling to compare different situations

16. WP2 integration • Incineration model

17. WP2 integration • Landfill model

18. WP3 integration • Collection

19. WP3 integration • Incineration

20. WP3 integration • Composting

21. WP3 integration • Sorting

22. WP3 integration • Landfill

23. WP4 integration • Software for design and optimisation of collection systems • within geographical limits • Area: community of means • Sub areas: unity of organisation • provides flows, energy spent, emissions, costs • according to collection organisation and means • all basic technical and economic data in open databases • Collection model to incorporate results into the simulator

24. WP5 integration • Simulators of 3 composting plants

25. WP5 integration • Complete performance data for all units of equipment

26. WP5 integration • Fermentation model

27. Fermentation model • Can be used for all technologies • Takes into account waste composition and chemistry • upstream treatments: selective collection, pre-sorting,… • effect on material balance (solids and losses composition) • Can be also used without data • standard values for couples (waste/technology) • set of defined chemical reactions • Can be also calibrated

28. WP6 integration • Waste + Air -> bottom ash+flue gas (incl. Fly ash) • Transfer function • More predictive model

29. Transfer function • Process description • 1000 kg waste -> 300 kg bottom ash + 25 kg fly ash • 3000 kg Air + burned waste -> 3675 kg Gas • May be used without any data • May be adjusted if flowrates are available • Not able to predict change in performance if waste change

30. More predictive approach ## Reaction Name 1 C -> CO org. 1 Waste /Corg 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO org. 2 CO->CO2 org 1 Gas /CO org. 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO2 org. 3 C->CO fossil 1 Waste /Cfossil 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO fossil 4 CO->CO2fossil 1 Gas /CO fossil 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /CO2 fossil 5 O2 production 2 Waste /O ----> 1 Gas /O2 6 H2O production 2 Waste /H 0.5 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /H2O 7 Water->vapour 1 Water /H2O ----> 1 Gas /H2O 8 NO2 fuel production 1 Waste /N 1 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /NO2 9 NO2 gas production 1 Gas /N2 2 Gas /O2 ----> 2 Gas /NO2 10 N2 production 2 Waste /N ----> 1 Gas /N2 11 Hum -> H2O (l) 1 Waste /H2O ----> 1 Water /H2O 12 SO2 production 1 Waste /S 1 Gas /O2 ----> 1 Gas /SO2 13 HCl production 1 Waste /H 1 Waste /Cl ----> 1 Gas /HCl 14 Cl2 production 2 Waste /Cl ----> 1 Gas /Cl2 15 F2 2 Waste /F ----> 1 Gas /F2 16 Cd production 1 Waste /Cd ----> 1 Gas /Cd 17 Hg production 1 Waste /Hg ----> 1 Gas /Hg 18 HCl neutralization 2 Gas /HCl 1 Water /Ca(OH)2 ----> 1 Water /CaCl2 2 Water /H2O 19 SO2 neutralization 1 Gas /SO2 1 Water /Ca(OH)2 ----> 1 Water /CaSO3 1 Water /H2O • Based on phases description and • Description of transfer between phases

31. Model integration

32. Result • Takes into account waste composition and chemistry • upstream treatments: selective collection, pre-sorting,… • effect on material balance (solids and flue gas composition) • effect on energy recovery calculation • Can be also used without data • standard values for waste composition • set of defined chemical reactions • Can be also calibrated • Can predict the flowrate of combustion air • air regulation for a given set-point of O2 • grades of emissions

33. Specific challenge (and work) in WP7 • Train the partners on modelling and simulation • Responsability in achieving an operational tool • participation in models validation • Landfill model • Transport model • Sorting model

34. Advantages of simulator (1/2) An original design: Results of phenomenological modelling studies of processes Library of predictive models Database of real plants data.

35. Advantages of simulator (2/2) Two types of use: Definition of strategies following a big scale approach (country, region, local community): • image, state of an existing situation • study of consequences (economical) of changes of a given scheme. ‚More technical analysis following an approach at process scale: • optimisation of an existing treatment plant. • Determination of possible progress.

36. Practical use of the simulator • Use in the frame of a methodology for a given objective • sizing • optimisation • adaptation • Use according to the availability of data • default values provided (streams, processes) • real case values allow to adjust the models and the simulator • redundant values allow to improve the picture of reality and the precision of the simulator • Special skills needed • ability to use concepts (models and simulation) • training on software

37. Interest of the simulator • The choice of suitable MSW treatment methods • Process based approach • The optimised management of processing (assessment, control, analysis of the existing situation). • The optimisation of the installations

38. WP7 Conclusion • The partners results have been integrated • The tool has been completed to carry out the case studies • The main challenging part of the project has been achieved • The case studies will demonstrate the capabilities of the simulation approach and the related constraints for its implementation