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ASIQ-M 12.5

ASIQ-M 12.5. Breaking News!! - 1. ASIQ 12.5 is released! New licensing “rules” Developer release (5 IP connections) Enterprise release (Unlimited [200-1000 users]) Workgroup release (<5 CPUs) Platforms Supported AIX (32 and 64 bit) HP/UX 64 bit Solaris 64 bit Win 2k 32 bit.

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ASIQ-M 12.5

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  1. ASIQ-M 12.5

  2. Breaking News!! - 1 • ASIQ 12.5 is released! • New licensing “rules” • Developer release (5 IP connections) • Enterprise release (Unlimited [200-1000 users]) • Workgroup release (<5 CPUs) • Platforms Supported • AIX (32 and 64 bit) • HP/UX 64 bit • Solaris 64 bit • Win 2k 32 bit

  3. Breaking News!! - 2 • We will be releasing ASIQ on Linux (and Win 2003) • Platform will initially be Itanium (64 bit Intel) • Maybe we will release on 32 bit (but not in first release) • Date….. Hopefully Q4 2003

  4. Breaking News!! – 3 • ASIQ TPC/H benchmark results • 1. Best performance of all 4-CPU servers (any DBMS) 1760 • 2. Absolute lowest system cost of all systems (intel and RISC) $105,382 P/P $60 • 3. Absolute best price/performance of all systems • 4. Absolute lowest storage usage: competitors used 3x-9x more storage, at 6x-84x higher cost

  5. So what does this mean? • 1. IQ is DBMS that meets strict TPC-H rules. • 2. IQ Storage efficiency: 12 disks (RAID-1 which doubled storage size) and 2 I/O channels for IQ at a cost of $8,686. Competition used 3x-9x more storage than IQ at 6x-84x higher cost. • 3. ”IQ saves $1M per TB of input data”: IQ storage cost is $8,686 1/6 to 1/80 of the competition cost ($55K-$760K) storage saving of $45K-$750K per 100GBè $450K-$7.6M per TB of input data. • 4. IQ Performance: IQ-Sun has the HIGHEST performance and THE LOWEST system cost in 4-CPU, 100GB. IQ and Sun(900MHz CPU) beat competition using 1.6GHz CPUs. • 5. Simplicity and elegance of IQ: 1 server, 1 disk array(12 disks) and 2 IO channels.

  6. Goals for 12.5 - 1 Enhance Overall Functionality • Load Table • Permit continued processing for input data errors • Introduce Full Referential Integrity • IQ Multiplex • Remove DDL Restrictions • Simplify Architecture • Add Miscellaneous New Features and Functions

  7. Goals for 12.5 - 2 Improve VLDB Performance • Larger Device Sizes • IQ Multiplex improvements • Union All View Performance • New indexes for Date/Time data types • Performance improvements on large (many cpu) servers • Join Optimization for Complex Queries

  8. IQ v12.5 – Topics • Referential Integrity • New IQ Indexes • Load Table Command • IQ Multiplex 12.5 • Sybase Central Changes • Miscellaneous • Join Optimization • New Functions • New System Procedures and Tools

  9. I. Referential Integrity (RI) • 12.4.3 - RI Phase I • Multi-column Unique HG Indexes • Provided Full Entity Integrity • Multi-column Primary Keys • 12.5 Introduces Referential Integrity Phase II • Multi-column Non-Unique HG indexes

  10. Referential Integrity Some Definitions: • Referential Integrity (RI) A rule defined on a column(s) on one table that allows INSERT or UPDATE of a row only if its value for the column(s) matches a value in a column(s) of a related table RI also includes rules that dictate actions to be taken when UPDATE or DELETE on the referenced table cause the referenced data to disappear.

  11. RI Definitions • Candidate Key is a Primary Key OR is a column(s) with a Unique Constraint • Foreign Key (FK) and Referenced Key A column(s) whose values must be a subset of values of another column(s). The referenced column(s) must be a candidate key and is called the Referenced Key

  12. RI Definitions • RESTRICT Action Any UPDATE or DELETE* action on a candidate key that causes any value upon which a foreign key depends to disappear will be denied. An UPDATE of a foreign key which results in a value which does not match a candidate keywill be denied. RESTRICT action is the ANSI default for RI (* DELETE implies TRUNCATION)

  13. What Was Done to Implement RI - 1 • Create and Alter Table Commands • Added column and table level RI constraints • Using ANSI Standard Syntax • Changed Key Length Limit to 1K (1024) bytes • Total byte limit (+1 byte overhead/column) • Was 256 bytes in 12.4.3 • Added a Non-Unique multi-column HG index • For support of multi-column foreign keys (1K limit)

  14. What Was Done to Implement RI - 2 • Modified Load Table command • For handling loads with RI enabled on tables • Details in Load Table section of this presentation • Added new Database Option for RI • To disable/enable RI checking in the database

  15. Table Create Syntax – Primary Keys Unique HG index is created Create Table Dept( DeptNo int Primary Key , DeptName char(10) ) Create Table Emp( EmpNo int Primary Key , EmpName char(19) , Mgr int , DeptNo int )

  16. Table Create Syntax – Primary Keyor Unique Constraint Unique HG is created Create Table Dept( DeptNo int Primary Key , DeptName char(10) ) Create Table Emp( EmpNo int Unique , EmpName char(19) , Mgr int , DeptNo int ) These would beCANDIDATE KEYS

  17. Table Create Syntax – Foreign Keys Non-Unique HG created FKEY on Mgr column is an example of Self-Referential Integrity Create Table Dept( DeptNo int Primary Key , DeptName char(10) ) Create Table Emp( EmpNo int Primary Key , EmpName char(19) , Mgr int References Emp(EmpNo) , DeptNo int References Dept(DeptNo) )

  18. Table Create Syntax – Constraints Create Table Dept( DeptNo int Primary Key iq unique(5) , DeptName char(10) not null iq unique(5) ) Create Table Emp( EmpNo int Primary Key iq unique(50) , EmpName char(19) not null iq unique(50) , Mgr int References Emp(EmpNo) , DeptNo int References Dept(DeptNo) )

  19. Automatic Indexing • Primary Key or Unique Constraint • Creates Unique HG index on key column(s) • Can only be dropped by Alter Table • Foreign Key Constraint • Creates Non-Unique HG index on key columns(s) • Can only be dropped by Alter Table

  20. RI Requirements • Candidate Key must - • be a Primary Key or have a • Unique Constraint • Candidate Key and Foreign Key must - • Contain Same Number of Columns • Have Identical Data Types • Same sign, precision and scale

  21. RI Enforcement – RESTRICT Action • Foreign Keys enforce the following (else ROLLBACK): • INSERT/UPDATE on Foreign Key columns • Value entered must exist in the Reference Table Column(s) • UPDATE/DELETE on Referenced Column • Cannot be deleted/truncated if values exist in its FKeys • Cannot be updated to leave orphans in its FKeys

  22. RI Enforcement – Some Details • ALTER TABLE Add Foreign Key will fail • when performed on a table with data loaded and there is an RI violation • LOAD TABLE • Will fail/roll back by default if there is a RI violation • New Load Table option to reject rows in violation • No foreign key can be associated with a candidate key that is also a foreign key

  23. Only RESTRICT Action is Available • Version 12.5 offers no other alternatives • Other RI Options not available include - • CASCADE (delete referenced rows) and • SET NULL (Set Fkey values to NULL) • These options may be considered for follow-on releases

  24. Database Option for RI • New Public Option to enable / disable RI Checks Disable_RI_Check – default is OFF • May be set to ON to bypass RI checks to permit - • Load Table • Insert • Update • Delete

  25. RI Load Performance Implications • If no RI has been specified, there is no performance hit • If RI is being enforced performance will depend on … • Type of activity (Load, Delete, Update) • Number of Foreign Key / Candidate Relationships • Dimension of the Foreign Key / Candidate • Platform • Checking occurs during Phase II of table loads • Expect 5% (max) overhead for RI checking

  26. Other RI Implications • Using RI will improve query performance !!! • Provides a wealth of information to Query Optimizer • Improves Many to Many Joins • Multi-column indexes help in some joins (and GROUP BY clauses) • Now that ASIQ has RI you may need to use it • Specific situation will be addressed later

  27. II. New IQ Indexes • Multi-Column Non-Unique HG • Date Indexes • Word Index Enhancement

  28. Multi-Column Indexes • We have discussed non-unique multi-columns • This is a HG index • May be created manually • What’s new is that the optimizer can use these indexes! • Not so in 12.4.3 • This index will be used for estimates in join plans

  29. Date Indexes • New Indexes have been added to support queries on • Dates • Time • Datetime • These indexes support a number of query types • Ranges searching • Datepart searches • You may not need to denormalize for date functionality

  30. Date Index • For use with columns defined as DATE data type • Any other data type returns an error • CANNOT be declared Unique • Date Index will outperform HNG for Range Queries • Will work best with LF or HG on same column • LF & HG indexes provide distinct counts for the optimizer, and • LF/HG are best for equality predicates

  31. Date Index for Queries • Designed to support these queries - • Datepart Functions • Month, Day of Month, Week, Day of Week, Quarter, Year, Week in Year • With these Operators • GT, GE, LT, LE, EQ, NE, Between • Date Index will NOT support • Sum, Average, SumDistinct • Min, Max

  32. Date Index vs. Other Index Tests 100 MM Rows – Random Dates • Date1 = ‘1990/12/15’ (29K rows) • HG = 1 sec • DateIndex = 26 sec • HNG = 29 sec • Date1 > ‘1993/03/10’ ( 68 MM rows) • DateIndex = 14 secs • HNG = 29 sec • HG = 200 sec • Date1 between ‘1993/03/10’ and ‘1996/08/04’ (33 MM) • DateIndex = 38 secs • HNG = 64 sec • HG = 211 sec

  33. Time Index • For use with columns defined as TIME data type • Any other data type returns an error • CANNOT be declared Unique • Time Index will outperform HNG for Range Queries • Will work best with LF or HG on same column • LF & HG indexes provide distinct counts for the optimizer • LF/HG are best for equality predicates

  34. Time Index for Queries • Designed to support these queries - • Date Functions • Hour, Minute, Second • With these Operators • GT, GE, LT, LE, EQ, NE, Between • Will NOT support • Sum, Average, SumDistinct • Min, Max • You will need a HNG or HG for these operators

  35. Datetime Index • Similar functionality of Date and Time indexes • For Datetime data types • You should drop existing HNG indexes and replace then with one of the new indexes on data types • Date • Datetime • Time

  36. Datetime Indexes The components of the index are persistent bitmaps, similar in construction to an LF Bitmap structure

  37. Word Index Enhancement • The like operator will support the Word Index • Previously supported with contains operator • Both predicates below would use the Word Index Where company_name contains (‘Sybase’) and Where company_name like ‘%pSybasep%’

  38. III. Load Table Command • Load Table has been modified to - • Limit the number of Integrity Constraint violations before a Load Table transaction will Rollback • Rows in violation are NOT inserted • Can Log violations to a file (optional) • The existing Load Table command is otherwise intact and will continue to support table load operations Note: There is no change to the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE commands.

  39. Integrity Constraints Affected by Load Table • UNIQUE Constraint • NULL Constraint • DATA Value Constraint • With option CONVERSION_ERROR = ‘OFF’ • FOREIGN KEY Constraint

  40. DATA CONVERSION ERROR Option • The CONVERSION_ERROR option plays a part • This option is not new and is still supported • Default is ON • Any data conversion causes a ROLLBACK • Does not change with the new Load Table options • For this discussion, assume CONVERSION_ERROR option is set OFF • All data conversion violations will cause NULL to be entered in the offending column

  41. Load Table Command – 12.4.x LOAD TABLE table-name ( LOAD-specification [, …] ) FROM ‘filename’ [, …] QUOTES OFF ESCAPES OFF < other load options >

  42. Load Table Command – 12.5 LOAD TABLE table-name ( LOAD-specification [, …] ) FROM ‘filename’ [, …] QUOTES OFF ESCAPES OFF < other load options > [ IGNORE CONSTRAINT constrainttype [, …] ] [ MESSAGE LOG ‘file’ ROW LOG ‘file’ [ONLY LOG logwhat, [ …] ] [ LOG DELIMITED BY ‘string’ ] constrainttype { UNIQUE integer | NULL integer | FOREIGN KEY integer | DATA VALUE integer | ALL integer } logwhat: { ALL | NULL | UNIQUE | DATA VALUE | FOREIGN KEY } - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

  43. IGNORE CONSTRAINT Clause [ IGNORE CONSTRAINT constrainttype [, …] ] constrainttype { UNIQUE integer | NULL integer | FOREIGN KEY integer | DATA VALUE integer | ALL integer } • When any one the constrainttypes are specified with a value • If zero, then all violations of that type are ignored • If non-zero (say N) the N+1 occurrence will cause a ROLLBACK

  44. ALL Constraints Specified • The ALL constrainttype has a cumulative effect Example:IGNORE CONSTRAINT NULL 50, UNIQUE 100, ALL 125 • Rollback will occur when – • 50 NULL constraint violations occur, or • 100 UNIQUE constraint violations occur, or • Any FOREIGN KEY violation occurs, or • 125 total violations (ALL types combined) occur • DATA VALUE violations • Depends onCONVERSION_ERROR setting

  45. Constraint Violation Logs [ MESSAGE LOG ‘file’ ROW LOG ‘file’ [ONLY LOG logwhat, [ …] ] [ LOG DELIMITED BY ‘string’ ] logwhat: { ALL | NULL | UNIQUE | DATA VALUE | FOREIGN KEY } • Options to specify what and where to log constraint violations • MESSAGE LOG (this is NOT the IQ Message Log) • Logs Integrity Violations as specified by logwhat • ROW LOG • Logs the ROWID and all input data values • Comma delimited (default delimiter) • Delimiter may be specified

  46. MESSAGE LOG - Three Parts • Header (Datetime load started) • Row Information (rowid, type, column number) • ROWID • ROWID in table where row would have been loaded • Type of Integrity Violation • One row per violation • Column number in the table schema • Trailer Message (Datetime load completed)

  47. MESSAGE LOG - Sample Load Table foo …Ignore Constraint UNIQUE 200Message Log ‘msg.log’ Row Log ‘row.log’Log Unique, Null, Data ValueLog Delimited By ‘|’ Message Log (msg.log) contents 2002-07-15 15:00:23 Load Table FOO: Integrity Constraint Violations1267 DATA VALUE 43126 UNIQUE 13216 NULL 32002-07-15 16:00:10 LOAD TABLE FOO Completed

  48. ROW LOG – Three Parts • Header (Datetime load started) • Row Data (rowid, delimited data values for row) • Binary/Varbinary data appear as ascii hexadecimal • Date/Datetime values appear as configured by the • DATE_FORMAT or DATETIME FORMAT options • Null values appear as NULL • Filler fields will not appear • Trailer Message (Datetime load completed)

  49. ROW LOG - Sample Load Table foo …Ignore Constraint UNIQUE 200Message Log ‘msg.log’Row Log ‘row.log’Log Unique, Null, Data ValueLog Delimited By ‘|’ Row Log (row.log) Contents 2002-07-15 15:00:23 Load Table FOO: Integrity Constraint Violations 1267 |Mary Smith|56|M|ABCDEFG|1943/03/31|MC| 3216 |John Jones|NULL|NULL|S|1945/02/28|NULL … 2002-07-15 16:00:10 LOAD TABLE FOO Completed

  50. Putting both together 2002-07-15 15:00:23 Load Table FOO: Integrity Constraint Violations1267 DATA VALUE 43216 UNIQUE 13216 NULL 32002-07-15 16:00:10 LOAD TABLE FOO Completed 2002-07-15 15:00:23 Load Table FOO: Integrity Constraint Violations 1267 |Mary Smith|56|M|ABCDEFG|1943/03/31|MC| 3216 |John Jones|NULL|NULL|S|1945/02/28|NULL … 2002-07-15 16:00:10 LOAD TABLE FOO Completed

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