Example queries for Federated search

1. Example queries for Federated search Jan Odijk CLARIN Federated Search Workshop Copenhagen, 24 Apr 2013

2. Overview • Linguistic Problem • Federated Search • Structural Differences • Search in Lexicons • Search In Corpora • Corpora+Lexicon search • Iterative Corpus Search • Search in micro-comparative databases?

3. Linguistic Problem • Inflection of attributively used adjectives • Influence of number, gender, case, definiteness (strong/weak inflection), other factors? • Exceptions to the main rules such as • het bijvoeglijk(?e) naamwoord, lit. the adjectivalnoun, ‘the adjective’ • het medisch(*e) onderzoek `the medical research’ • de medisch(*e) onderzoeker `the medical researcher’ • Een competent(e) linguïst • Where –e suffix is predicted as the only option by the main rules • The exceptions are not (all) arbitrary, there are further subregularities: I want to find out what these are. • There are similar phenomena in many languages (Germanic, Romance, e.g. Brasilian Portuguese Menuzzi 1994, ..)

4. Linguistic Problem • [Odijk 1992] J. Odijk. Uninflected Adjectives in Dutch. In R. Bok-Bennema & R. van Hout, Linguistics in the Netherlands1992, pp.197-208. Amsterdam: Benjamins • Odijk, J. (2012). De structuur van Phrasal Names. Nederlandse Taalkunde, 17(2), 292-298. • Odijk, J. (2013), Comparative Linguistic Research in the CLARIN Infrastructure, presentation to be held at the Patterns of Macro- and Micro-Diversity in the Languages of Europe and the Middle East.Computational Issues in Studying Language Diversity: Storage, Analysis and Inference, Groningen, July 2013.

5. Broaden empirical Base • I want to search • For relevant examples in large annotated text corpora • For related examples in large text corpora selected on the basis of the results of (1) • For relevant examples is microcomparative databases (e.g. MIMORE) • For properties of relevant words in dictionaries • For synonyms/hyperonyms/hyponyms in semantic lexical databases (e.g. CORNETTO)

6. Federated Search • A set of resources R has been selected by the researcher on the basis of metadata. The resources of R can be in different locations • A Federated Search Engine (FSE) enables search in the resources in R • For each resource r in R there is a local search engine LSE_r • A query can be formulated in an agreed-upon query language (SRU/CQL),e.g. via a Federates Search web application: q_fs • Q_fs uses ISOCAT DCs • Q_fs is sent to the LSE_r for each r in R, and translated there into the query language needed for LSE_r and into the DCs used in r • Each LSE_r yields a result set for q_fs, in which it translates DCs used into ISOCAT_DCs , and sends to FSE, which combines/aggregates them and prepares them for presentation to /saving by the user, possibly via the Federated Search web application

7. Federated Search • For many resource formats used in NL there is NOT yet a systematic mapping of their DCs to ISOCAT DCs, e.g. TEI, CGN-format, Folia, EAF, GTB, WordNet, CELEX, Praat,… • A special project should be started up for this • Nationally for national formats (CGN, Folia, …) • Internationally for generic formats (TEI, CELEX, Wordnet, …)

8. Structural Differences • There are (sometimes trivial) structural differences between resources. • Description of an occurrence of Dutch ‘is’:

9. Structural Differences • Do these two descriptions contain the same or overlapping information? • ISOCAT alone will not help because there are differences in structure • Will the LSE’s deal with such structural differences? • Or is something more general needed for this (and is this possible?)

10. Structural Differences • CGN pwelement means the same as Folia welement: • CGN w attributeof pw means the same as Folia t elementin w • CGN pos attributeof pw means the same as Folia classattribute of elementpos (part of speech property name) • CGN lemattribute of pw means the same as FoLiA classattribute of elementlemma (lemma property name) • Values inside the CGN posattribute of pw are identical to and mean the same as values inside Folia classattribute of elementpos in elementw (values from the CGN-tagset)

11. Search in Lexicons • WFT-GTB: Give me entries with PoS=noun of which the headword ends in “tsje” • GTB, CELEX, CGN-lexicon: Give me entries with PoS=noun and with the headword ending in “tsje”, together with the source (=GTB, CELEX, of CGN-lexicon) in which it was found.

12. Search in Lexicons • Search in all resources where the language=nld • For each resource with language=nld • For each word in [ ‘zeer’, ‘heel’, ‘erg’] with PoS=adj • For each sense of the word • For each synonym of the sense • For each lemma of the synonym • Return word, Pos, sense, synonym, lemma, ‘synonym’ , resource.name • And analogously with ‘synonym’ replaced by ‘immediate hyperonym’ • And analogously with ‘synomym’ replaced by ‘hyponym’ (incl hyponyms of hyponyms)

13. Question • Question: Will federated search somehow smartly `know’ (e.g. from the metadata) that it has to search in lexicons only, actually only in lexicons that contain synonym information? Or will it waist time and effort by searching in all text corpora and in lexicons that do not have synonym information? Or is a smart choice of resources to search in left to the user? • Similarly: • Search in CGN: Give me all utterances that contain the word ‘zeer’ with PoS=ADJ spoken by a speaker with age<=7. • (there are no speakers with age<=7 in CGN; will federated search smartly be able to see this from the metadata or will it waist time searching?)

14. Search in Corpora • Search in CGN-corpus, VU-DNC, SONAR: • Give me utterances that contain a subsequence of the form: • Awordtoken with PoS='definite_determiner', immediately followed by • Awordtoken with PoS=adjective with vorm=zonder-e, immediately followed by • AwordtokenwithPos=noun • examples are 'het bijvoeglijk naamwoord', 'de gulden snede', 'het ingewikkelder probleem') • lternative: just return the subsequence

15. Corpus+Lexicon search • The same as in the preceding example but now • the adjective should not end in two syllables that both contain a schwa (represented by a regular expression over the phonetic transcription) in its phonetic_transcription as found in the CGN-lexicon • This excludes an example such as: 'het ingewikkelderprobleem'

16. Corpus+Lexicon search • a value for an additional attribute with as possible values eFormExists, eFormDoesNotExist, eFormExistenceUnknown. • The value specifies whetherit is true for the word with pos=adjectivethat a form with property vorm=met-e exists or, or not, or whether it is unknown whether such a form exists.

17. Corpus+Lexicon search • let wv be the value of the attribute word of the wordtoken with properties Pos=adjective, vorm=zonder-e). Look up the entry/ies for wv for which PoS=adjective in the CGN-lexicon and/or CELEX-lexicon lexicon, and determine its lemma (=wl) • ifnotfound: result =eFormExistenceUnknown • iffound • look up in CGN/Celex an entry with PoS=adjective-code and lemma=wl and  vorm=met-e • iffound: result=EFormExists (e.g. (het) bijvoeglijk (naamwoord)) • if not found: result= eFormDoesNotExist (e.g. ('de) gulden (snede)' • This can be done in one very complicated query, or the queries might be put in a series where the results of the First query are filtered by the second query, etc.

18. Iterative Corpus Search • Each result in of the previous query is (or contains) a sequence Det ADJ NOUN • For each result found in the previous query, • Give me utterances that contain a subsequence of the form: • Awordtoken with PoS='definite determiner', immediately followed by • Awordtoken with PoS=adjective, with lemma=ADJ.lemmaand with vorm=met-e, immediately followed by • Awordtoken with Pos=noun  with number=NOUN.number • alternative: just return the subsequences

19. Search in MIMORE • using the MIMORE search engine (MIMORE web app) • Give me utterances that contain a subsequence of the form: • Awordtoken with PoS='definite_determiner', immediately followed by • Awordtoken with PoS=adjective with vorm=zonder-e, immediately followed by • AwordtokenwithPos=noun • alternative: just return the subsequences

20. More Examples • Odijk, J. (2011), "User Scenario Search", internal CLARIN-NL document, April 13, 2011. [docx] • Odijk, J. (2011), "Linguistic Research in the CLARIN Infrastructure", presentation for the KNAW eHumanities Workshop, NIAS, Wassenaar, Mar 29, 2011 [ppt]. Abstract contained in eHumanities Brainstorm Booklet • Odijk, J.E.J.M. (2012, October 23). Linguistic Research and the CLARIN Infrastructure. Utrecht, Digital Humanities Lecture. [ppt]

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