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Napoleon: Chapter19, Part 3

Napoleon: Chapter19, Part 3. That’s more like it!!!. The “General” A. The Royalists Rebellion- In 1795, those loyal to the Royalty in France stage a rebellion. Napoleon defends the National Convention.

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Napoleon: Chapter19, Part 3

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  1. Napoleon: Chapter19, Part 3

  2. That’s more like it!!!

  3. The “General” • A. The Royalists Rebellion- In 1795, those loyal to the Royalty in France stage a rebellion. Napoleon defends the National Convention. • 1. 1796- Napoleon appointed head of France’s Armies by the new Directory. • 2. By 1799, stories of Napoleon’s victories in Europe (andthe omissions of his loses in Egypt) made him a hero inFrance.

  4. B. The Coup d’etat- 1799, The Directory had lost control of France (very corrupt). 1. Napoleon is pushed to seize control of thegovernment. Behind the scenes, he, and his wife, Josephine push for power. a. Napoleon uses his troops to drive out members of the national legislature. With Napoleon there, the rest of thelegislature votes out the Directory and Napoleon seizes power.

  5. II. Napoleon’s Rule of France A. Desperate for strong leadership, there is a Plebiscite, a vote by the people to accept a new constitution and Napoleon as their ruler.

  6. III. First goal for Napoleon- Order to France A. The Economy 1. Set up a National Bank 2. a Fair, efficient tax system. B. End corruption 1. Dismissed corrupt officials 2. Set up Lycees, government ranpublic schools. 3. Merit system in government C. The Church- Napoleon signs the Concordat (with the Pope). Government recognizes the Catholic Church, but does not allow it to interfere in national affairs. D. The Napoleonic Code- Uniform laws to govern France.

  7. E. Napoleon Crowns himself Emperor (1804)- Napoleon does not allow the Pope to crown him.

  8. IV. Napoleon Creates an Empire A. Not just content with France, Napoleon dreams of a European and North American Empire.

  9. B. The New World (North America) 1. Unable to control the West Indies, Napoleon cuts his losses and sells the Louisiana Territory to the United States for$15 million. Known as theLouisiana Purchase.

  10. C. Conquering Europe 1. Fearful of France gaining strength, Britain forms the 3rdcoalition with Russia, Austria and Sweden. a. Napoleon wins a series of battles and forces those countries into signing treaties. b. Only one country left to take was Britain 2. The Battle of Trafalgar (1805)- naval defeat to the British. a. Determined British Sea Supremacy b. Forced Napoleon to figure out another way to defeat the British.

  11. 3. Napoleon’s domination causes (patriotism) nationalism in Europe. People start to feel loyalty to their country a. By 1812- Napoleon is in control of most Europe.

  12. Question 9 V. Napoleon’s Three Costly Mistakes A. Napoleon’s great threat to his empire was hispersonality. He divorced Josephine, who failed to bear him a child, and marriedAustrian royal, Marie Louis (granddaughter of Marie Antoinette). Napoleon’s view of power, “I love power, as a musician loves his violin.”

  13. The Continental System (1806)- Unable to defeat the British by sea, Napoleon sign a decree ordering a blockade of all British ports. Hoping to destroy the British economy. a. It fails due countries in Europe ignoring the law(including the King of Holland, Napoleon’s own brother). b. Hurt Napoleon worse then Britain.

  14. 2. The Peninsular War (1808)- In order to force Portugal to stop ignoring the Continental System, Napoleon sent troops through Spain to Portugal. a. Spanish, upset with France’s standing with the Catholic Church, use Guerrillawarfare to fight French troops. i. Napoleon ousts Spanish King and makes his brother, Joseph, the king. b. Unable to stop the Spanish attacks, in 5 years, 300,000 French soldiers are killed.

  15. 3. The Invasion of Russia (1812) – Russian Czar, ally to Napoleon, refuses to obey the Continental System. Napoleon marches his army in to Russia to force compliance. a. Napoleon’s Grand Army- made up of mostly peasants that were not French and had no loyalty to France. b. Russia refuses to fight, and retreats i. Scorched Earth policy- Russia burns towns as it retreats leaving no livestock, crops, or shelter. ii. Napoleon takes Moscow and occupies it for 5 weeks, but the Russians do not come back for it and Napoleon is caught in Russia’s winter. iii. The French leave and Russia attacks iv. Of the 400,000 men that went into Russia, only 10,000 survived in theGrand Army. c. “Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake.”

  16. VI. Napoleon’s End A. The Coalition attack weakened France and takes Paris. 1. The Coalition exiles Napoleon to an island off the Italian Coast called Elba.

  17. 2. Napoleon escapes and tries to retake France. a. The Battle of Waterloo (1815)- British and Prussians defeat Napoleon’s army. b. The Hundred Days- Napoleons last chance of victory, ended with defeat. B. Banished to St. Helena, where he died in 1821.

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