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Breaking Down Glucose

Breaking Down Glucose. Power Point to Making Cards. Anaerobic (no oxygen) Glycolysis. In the cytoplasm Glucose PGAL pyruvic acid 6-C 3-C 3-C (Pyruvic acid = pyruvate). Glycolysis.

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Breaking Down Glucose

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  1. Breaking Down Glucose Power Point to Making Cards

  2. Anaerobic (no oxygen) Glycolysis • In the cytoplasm • Glucose PGAL pyruvic acid • 6-C 3-C 3-C • (Pyruvic acid = pyruvate)

  3. Glycolysis • What got this reaction started?2 ATP molecules gave P to each end of 6-carbon glucose (it splits)

  4. Glycolysis • Glucose (with phosphates) breaks into two PGAL molecules • PGAL reforms into pyruvic acid (pyruvate) • 4 ATP • 2 NADH form e- carrier

  5. GlycolysisSummary • 2 ATP for glucose to PGAL to pyruvate • 4 ATP formed • 2 ATP net • Also 2 NADH (pick up electrons) • How Glycolysis Works (click) • Sing Along

  6. Fermentation IN ANIMALSPyruvic acid lactic acid IN YEAST Pyruvic acid ethanol + carbon dioxide

  7. FERMENTATION • WHERE LOCATED? • In the cytoplasm • ANAEROBIC • Without oxygen • HOW MANY ATP? • none

  8. FERMENTATION • ONE GREAT SIDE-STEP IS TO REGENERATE NADH back to NAD+ • (so it can pick up e- again)

  9. USES OF FERMENTATION Yogurt Sourdough bread Pickles’ Buttermilk Sauerkraut Kimchi Cheese

  10. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic acid builds up faster than the body cells can use it.

  11. Glyocolysis to Prepping Pyruvate for the Krebs Cycle 2 34 2

  12. Pyruvic Acid Can’t Enter Mitochondrion • So it needs “Cut and Groomed” 1.Cut off carbon (as CO2) Leaves 2-C acetyl group • 2. Add Coenzyme A FORMS Acetyl-CoA

  13. Mitochondrion: Site of aerobic respiration (uses oxygen) • Mitochondrion

  14. Getting Ready to go into the Mitochondrion • Acetyl CoA and Kreb Cycle “Cut” carbon removed “Groomed” By Coenzyme A (2-C)

  15. All Set for the Krebs Cycle We’re now in the mitochondrion.

  16. Two Types of Electron Carriers • Empty FAD picks up e- to form FADH2 • e- • Empty NAD+ picks up e- to form NADH • ATP Synthesis NAD and FAD e-

  17. What is made at the end of the Krebs cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle)? e- carriers Waste gas Or Krebs Cycle High energy CLICK ME: Krebs Cycle

  18. ETC and Chemiosmosis • NADH and FADH2 bring their e- to the ETC (in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion) NADH and FADH2 animation

  19. H+ ions pumped through ATP synthase Enough energy for a P to add to ADP to form ATP

  20. ATP Synthase Movies • ATP Synthase (VCAC) • http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/movs/synthase.mov

  21. OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR • Oxygen + H+ forms water • Oxygen: the final electron acceptor

  22. Electron Transport Chain • Electron Transport Chain (pretty sweet) • Click here krebstca • Click Here VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: First Look (won’t show on VPU, but can see on own computer screen)

  23. FINAL PRODUCTS • Glycolysis • 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle • 2 ATP • ETC and Chemiosmosis • 34 ATP 38 ATP from glucose to end of ETC and chemiosmosis 36 ATP from one molecule of glucose

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