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IPAWS, EAS + and ERAS Overview

IPAWS, EAS + and ERAS Overview. Frank W. Bell 2012-8-16 www.globalcom123.com/eas Consider EAS+ as a set of compatible tools for your situation. It is not a one size fits all approach. 3 Learning Points.

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IPAWS, EAS + and ERAS Overview

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  1. EAS+ Overview

  2. IPAWS, EAS+ and ERAS Overview Frank W. Bell 2012-8-16 www.globalcom123.com/eas Consider EAS+ as a set of compatible tools for your situation. It is not a one size fits all approach.

  3. 3 Learning Points • EAS+ is a broadcast alerting and file distribution system that saves lives, e.g. Samoa, though the features are limited when only analog broadcasting is available. • IPAWS is a system of systems for emergency management using CAP and EDXL protocols. These protocols are developed by www.oasis-open.org. • Severe non-human project risks are increasingly becoming manageable instead of invoking the “Acts of G_d” clause. Loss of life of project staff to disasters can be mitigated. Loss of time is also more manageable by allowing time for mitigation measures when appropriate. A response time of seconds is useful for tsunamis and for earthquake mitigation. Processing and transmission time is minimal. EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  4. Contents • Introduction • IPAWS (3) • Opinion (2) • Acronyms (2) • Societal Situation • Paradigm and Value Aspect (5) • EAS+ Improvements (6) • EAS+ Protocol (4), Implementation • Conclusion • Appendix on value (3) EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  5. Introduction • For countries that have MOU with FEMA • CONELRAD, tubes, relays, alert tone Mutually Assured Destruction situation • EBS, transistors, ICs, more versatile • EAS, microcontroller and EPROM code • EAS+, microprocessor, application on OS, digital TV and HD radio, smart consumer electronics feature EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  6. Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS), current 1 Problems with cost, especially of work for first responders, Response time and Availability. Emergency Management Public Business DR Plan Optional Service Company Projects Risk EAS+IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  7. Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS), computer based • With IT and other technologies Emergency Management Public Emergency Data Xchange Language, Common Alert Protocol OASIS Business DR Plan Projects Risk Optional Service vendor EAS+IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  8. Why IPAWS? NIEM Compliance NIMS, Region, States, Local UICDS, ICS WebEOC CAP IPAWS Overview G.Earth ERAS CAP USGS. CISN MIL, NG CAP -HAVE NOAA, NWS, PTWC Police Hospitals 911ES Protocols IEEE 1512 CAP, TSO, EDXL-DE, -HAVE, -RM, -TEP, others. Fire HHS, CDC, FDA, HL7, NPC, etc. Ambulance EAS+ Overview

  9. IPAWS Introduction - 3 • Digital broadcast transmission redundancy for alerts and files. Convert EAS+ to or relay CAP or EDXL-DE. EAS+ broadcasting, Cable, telco and satellite. Computer networks, ISP, business & project ERAS Cellphones (WEA) Emergency Management using EDXL and CAP protocols Emergency Telephone Notification (R911) Fire/Evacuation alarms, PA venues, sirens, vendors, others EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  10. More Complex EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  11. Opinion -1 • Considerable dissatisfaction expressed at FEMA/FCC summit for EAS • This Federal and large disaster system is little used by local EMOs because it is currently unsuitable and it cannot be incorporated into exercises • Original encoder/decoders mostly over 10 years old and due for replacement • HD radio & digital TV offer possibilities EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  12. Opinion -2 • Terrorists strike locally, but the current large area architecture is to the advantage of terrorists impact. • E.g. Canada and other languages (e.g. Spanish, French) have no provision for local implementation • Better selectivity to avoid irrelevant messages • Less effort by broadcast staff, perhaps EMO also • Better integration into program automation and hence flow. EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  13. Acronyms - 1 • AMBER Alert Anyone Missing Broadcast Emergency Response, named after Amber, a kidnapped & murdered child • ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange, an 8 bit code for the letters, numbers and other characters • ATSC Advanced Television Standards Committee, the U.S. digital TV standard • CAP Common Alert Protocol, an XML type of file for sending alerts • CDC Center for Disease Control • CISN California Integrated Seismic Network • CMS Crisis Management System • EAS Emergency Alert System • EAS+ A significantly improved version of EAS • EBS Emergency Broadcast System (obsolete) • EDXL-DE Emergency Data Exchange Language – Distribution Element, another XML file format for emergency messages/files • EDXL-HAVE Hospital Availability status EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  14. Acronyms - 2 • EDXL-RIM Resource Information Model • EDXL-RM Resource Messaging • EDXL-TEP Transfer Emergency Patients • EMO Emergency Management Office • ENDEC Encoder-DECoder, an EAS/EAS+ device a broadcaster installs • EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory, FLASH is another technology, but is read-write. • ERAS Earthquake Rapid-Alert System, an EAS+ mode • FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (USA) • HHS Health & Human Services (medical data standards) • IC Integrated Circuit (silicon chip in laymen's terms) • ICS Incident Command System • IPAWS Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, uses CAP messages to trigger other alerting systems EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  15. Acronyms - 3 • HL7 Health Level 7 • MIL, NG Military, National Guard • MOU Memorandum Of Understanding • NIEM National Information Exchange Model • NIMS National Incident Management System • NPC National Poison Center • OS Operating System for computer • PA Public Address system at venue or mall • PTWC Pacific Tsunami Warning Center • TSO Tactical Situation Object (EDXL-DE transport) • UICDS Unified Incident Command & Decision Support • WAN Wide Area computer Network • WARSEPS another name for a CAP WAN • WEA cellphone Wireless Emergency Alerts (was CMAS) EAS+ Overview

  16. Societal Situation • Separation of Science/Technology and Religion • Separation of Church and State • Limited appreciation of Politics and Science/Technology of each other • Disasters ignore all of the above, but the above make development of solutions difficult. EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  17. Paradigm and Value aspect • Government Mandate; these may differ between governments, technically limited • Standards Based; best technology, global economics advantage • Value Based Paradigm; needs market research and including all stakeholders • What is the relationship between severity and frequency of disasters, to decide value? EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  18. The Primary Thrusts • The Value Base Paradigm • Standards-based to realize better technology and the economics of consumer electronics, rather than one specification for one country. • A redefinition of the protocol in binary which is compatible with ASCII to take advantage of the possibilities with digital TV and HD radio. • These three are complementary like the sides of a triangle. CAP Broadcast future direction. EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  19. Value Based Paradigm • The value of a message is the Importance of the message times the number of recipients it is important to, less the Annoyance of the population receiving the message who are not intended recipients. • This depends on the Event code and the Customer selection ability to select important messages. • Market research is needed EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  20. Value of different technologies • The different technologies can vary by; • P, the penetration into the coverage area as a fraction of the population reached at any time. • R, the response time of the technology, earthquakes require rapid response • F, the maximum frequency of usage EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  21. A Value Graph EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  22. IPAWS • Integrated Public Alert Warning System • Common Alert Protocol & EDXL based • Varying alerting technologies, e.g.; • EAS+/ERAS • Cellphone Text Broadcast • Email/texting • Emergency Telephone Notification (R911) • Fire Alarms & PA Systems (& Sirens) • Future delivery to computers of alerts and publication files (CAP Broadcast mode EAS+) EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  23. EAS+ improvements over EAS • Capabilities beyond current CAP and EDXL standards • Backward compatible with EAS for simple migration. Old encoder/decoders OK for analog with software upgrade. • Priority scheme, 1 is immediate override, others can be scheduled by automation • First responders exercise mode • Future delivery to computers of alerts and publication files (CAP Broadcast mode EAS+) EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  24. EAS+ improvements - 2 • A tunneling mode possible to replace the daisy chain so LP audience not receiving alerts for distant areas. • Response time in seconds for priority 1, for an earthquake alerting system, ERAS • Selectivity by location by county sector or polygon defined • Car radios can use polygons with navigation systems, good for jurisdictions EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  25. EAS+ improvements -3 • Selectivity by polygons to 1 yard/meter resolution (or better) • Selectivity by receiver category (vehicles, Intelligent Highway Sign) • Selectivity by user category (e.g. first responder) • Customer adjustable selectivity, by feature or other (e.g. priority, night shift) • More Event Codes for local emergencies EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  26. EAS+ improvements -4 • Country code • Language code, and up to six languages of audio (text via CAP?) e.g. for Braille devices • AMBER Alert pictures • To Fire Alarm/PA systems possible • Multistate broadcast coverage possible for message routing (e.g. NYC to 3 states) • Automated QC and value calculation with monitoring receivers and emails EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  27. EAS+ improvements -5 • Standards based architecture means that consumer electronics manufacturers can add this as a feature for the small additional cost. Other countries adopting this would be aided by the volume economics of consumer electronics. • CAP becoming world standard, EDXL is a standard, EAS+ also is possible • CAP Broadcast mode for file broadcast, e.g. maps of flood areas. EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  28. EAS+ improvements -6 • An EAS+ message can be used to regenerate a CAP/EDXL message. This is useful in the event of CAP distribution network failure. EAS really can’t do that • EAS+ compatible encoder/decoders are already available, with an application upgrade that also supports the FEMA CAP to EAS specification available soon • An EAS+ text protocol is appropriate, based on closed captioning EIA-708 EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  29. The EAS+ Protocol • ( Repeated 3 times) PREAMBLE-ZCZC-ORG-EEE-PSSCCC+TTTT-JJJHHMM-LLLLLLLL • The optional polygon string would be inserted here • 1-second pause • 8-25 Second Attention Signal • Then spoken content, or video or text. • 1-second pause • (Repeated 3 times) PREAMBLE-NNNN EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  30. The EAS+ Protocol -2 • ORG is the organization • EEE is the Event Code • PSSCCC is the jurisdiction area, this includes the UN location code as an option, and defines county sectors and if or how polygons are to be used • TTTT is the originating time, and also has the codes for the secondary, tertiary and quaternary languages if used EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  31. EAS+ Protocol -3 • JJJ The Julian day number of the day as of UTC. • The first J also encodes the primary language • The second J also encodes the duration of the audio message • The third J also indicates if and the frequency of repetition of broadcast message EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  32. EAS+ Protocol -4 • HHMM The UTC time of the origination • The tens of hours also indicates the receiver category • The last H and first M also indicates the mode as normal or Daisy chain/mesh relay mode • The units of M also indicates the severity and certainty in CAP • The first L indicates urgency and all L, the originator • Urgent increases priority by 1 (except 1) EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  33. Implementation • Every broadcaster, cable TV and telco TV would need an encoder/decoder with appropriate receivers and CAP WAN interface • The broadcasters install the encoder/decoder just before the limiters/legalizers • Interface to compression systems can also be appropriate • ISPs, Fire Alarms, PA systems, Cell towers need receivers in the future • Consumer electronics improves with new products added features, but takes time EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  34. Implementation of EAS+ mesh Digital TV (or analog TV with PL audio for data modulation) LP1 Another digital TV or radio station • The yellow arrow is alerts or files • Minimum of 3 stations to begin Emergency Management using EDXL and CAP protocols Other digital broadcasters or redundant path HD Radio station or another digital TV station. LP2 Analog radio station alerts, cannot be used to feed another broadcaster EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  35. 3 Learning Points - Recap • EAS+ is a broadcast alerting and file distribution system that saves lives, e.g. Samoa, though the features are limited when only analog broadcasting is available. • IPAWS is a system of systems for emergency management using CAP and EDXL protocols. These protocols are developed by www.oasis-open.org. • Severe non-human project risks are increasingly becoming manageable instead of invoking the “Acts of G_d” clause. Loss of life of project staff to disasters can be mitigated. Loss of time is also more manageable by allowing time for mitigation measures when appropriate. A response time of seconds is useful for tsunamis and of potential for earthquake mitigation at the time. EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  36. Conclusion • Numerous problems, and numerous solutions to address them, including market research • Standards for Computer Aided Dispatch & others can be compatible, IEEE 1512, TSO, ISO 22301. • Some complementary software appropriate • Deployment will take time, but transistor prices are falling. Should become an insignificant extra cost for this consumer electronics feature. An Appendix on value follows. • www.globalcom123.com/eas for downloads EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  37. Appendix; Value Based Paradigm • Must be applicable to all alerting systems EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

  38. Appendix; Value based equation EAS+ IPAW ERAS Overview

  39. Appendix; Value Aspects • Where E is the Event Code • C is the Customer choice of selectivity by equipment feature and operation • Market research is needed to assess these values • (apologies for PowerPoint math quality) • Dr. Rita Kepner has written an excellent thesis on EAS efficiency. http://tinyurl.com/eas-dissert EAS+ IPAWS & ERAS Overview

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