Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian Context

1. Appropriating New Urbanism Principles to the Egyptian Context Ayat Ismail Abdel Fattah Ismail Teaching Assistant - Dept. of Urban Design & Planning Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University Supervised by Prof. Dr. Youhansen Yehya Eid Professor of Urban Planning Head of Dept. of Urban Planning & Design Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University Dr. Germine Farouk El-Gohary Associate Professor - Dept. of Urban Planning & Design Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University

2. Introduction What is New Urbanism? New Urbanism is an urban design movement became very popular in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s Aims to • Raising quality of life and standard of living by creating better places to live. • Reviving the lost art of place-making • Re-ordering of the built environment to form complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods

3. Introduction What is New Urbanism? How? • It promotes the creation of diverse, walkable, compact, energetic, mixed-use communities In other words • Contains houses, work spaces, shops, entertainment, schools parks, and civic facilities essential to the daily needs of the residents, • All uses are within easy walking distance, public transportation and light rail, well defined public spaces, pleasant walking environment, and green spaces are available.

4. Research Problem Out of 60 planned new communities, 19 new communities were built in Egypt during the past 30 years; for many reasons – such as economy, management, implementation…..etc – only two cities could accomplish more than 50% of their target population which is very low ratio. One of the reason behind the Egyptian new cities problem is that their rational plans could not create livable communities which meet the human needs and demands.

5. Research Objective The research aims to study New Urbanism Principles and testing them on Egyptian new cities, in order to determine the applicability of each principle on Egyptian social and physical context, also to find out the possible adaptations required for those principles according to the demands of the residents of new cities in Egypt.

6. Research Hypothesis “New, Post and other urbanisms, they do represent different values and sensibilities. They need to be situated in time and space, contextualized in different cultures and geographies” (Kelbaug, in Fisherman, 2005) Although Kelbaug claimed that New Urbanism principles need to be adapted to fit in different cultures and geographies, some principles are universal and should be applied (with no required adaptations) on cities regardless its location, size, or environment.

7. Research Methodology Theoretical Review Field Survey Local Examples General Principles International Examples Principles’ appropriating process Egyptian New Urbanism Principles

8. Research Structure Part 1: Theoretical Review Chapter 1: Definitions, History and Motivations. Chapter 2: Principles of New Urbanism Movement. Chapter 3: Analysis of International New Communities. Part 2: Appropriating New Urbanism Principles Chapter 4: Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities. Chapter 5: NU principles’ Appropriating Process. Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations. Part 3: Appendices Appendix 1: Charter of New Urbanism. Appendix 2: Classification of Egyptian New Communities. Appendix 3: Field Survey Study - Statistical Procedures.

9. Chapter 1 Definitions, History, and Motivations • New Urbanism Objectives • Reasons behind New Urbanism emergence • Rise of New Urbanism • Historical Reasons • Sprawl (Suburban pattern of development) • Response to sprawl • Congress of New Urbanism

10. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability 2. Connectivity 3. Pedestrian Friendly design Human Scale Creating Public Spaces Safety 4. Diversity Mixed uses Mixed housing 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood

11. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability 2. Connectivity 3. Pedestrian Friendly design Human Scale Creating Public Spaces Safety 4. Diversity Mixed uses Mixed housing 1. Walkability Activities are within 5 to 10 min walk (1/4 mile, or 400 m) from home and work in a moderate weather

12. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability 2. Connectivity 3. Pedestrian Friendly design Human Scale Creating Public Spaces Safety 4. Diversity Mixed uses Mixed housing 2. Connectivity

13. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability 2. Connectivity 3. Pedestrian Friendly design Human Scale Creating Public Spaces Safety 4. Diversity Mixed uses Mixed housing Avenue 3. Pedestrian Friendly design Main streets Secondary streets

14. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 1. Walkability 2. Connectivity 3. Pedestrian Friendly design Human Scale Creating Public Spaces Safety 4. Diversity Mixed uses Mixed housing 4. Diversity

15. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood 5. Smart transportation

16. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood 6. Parking alternatives

17. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood 7. Sustainability

18. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood 8. Increased density

19. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings

20. Chapter 2 General Principles of New Urbanism 5. Smart transportation 6. Parking alternatives 7. Sustainability 8. Increased density 9. Rehabilitation of old buildings 10. Self-governing neighborhood 10. Self-governing neighborhood

21. 195 m 410m 120 m 135 m 455 m 170m 490 m 365 m 195 m 250 m 300m 520 m 350 m 350 m Chapter 3 Application on International New Cities • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved • Achieved 180 m 350 m 220 m 310 m 300 m 300 m 425m 400 m 340 m 280 m 570 m 610 m 720 m

22. Chapter 4 Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities 1. Physical Analysis Current Urban Conditions from New Urbanism Perspective 10th of Ramadan city 32 Sample 2. Social Analysis Field survey applied on 142 sample from New Cities residents investigated: Residents satisfactory degree with their built environment Their correspondences in case of applying New Urbanism principles New Cairo city 66 Sample 6th of October city 44 Sample

23. 440 m 530 m 460 m 550 m 530 m 550 m 370 m 750 m 500 m 580m 600m 390m 270m 250m 350m 590m 330m 1030 m 1200m 680 m 800 m 200 m 590m 960m 400 m 770 m 450 m 250 m 400 m 380 m 850m 330 m 380 m 2100m 310 m 1130 m Chapter 4 Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities spatially undiversified – repeated housing prototypes Ranges from 250 m to 2100 m • Achieved Ranges from 200 m to 1130 m On City level, not achieved on block level • Repeated housing prototypes – not enough uses Ranges from 370 m to 750 m On City level, not achieved on block level spatially undiversified – housing prototypes On City level, not achieved on block level Mixed uses – repeated housing prototypes • Ranges from 310 m to 400 m

24. Chapter 4 Testing NU principles on Egyptian New Cities

25. Chapter 5 NU Principles’ Appropriating Process + Field Survey

26. Chapter 5 NU Principles’ Appropriating Process

27. Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations Already applied principles Applicable principles Principles don’t need adaptations Principles don’t need adaptations Not Applicable principles New Urbanism Principles’ Appropriating Process Principles need adaptations

28. Thank You