A D G B E H C F I

1. 452-456 - Compare two primary sources.- Describe efforts in the South to settle the race issue following Reconstruction.

3. A D GB E HC F I Directions: Try to memorize the letters and symbols to the left in their exact order and place.

4. Comparing Documents: Read the two excerpts from Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois(highlight or underline important points as you read) and answer questions 1-2 at the bottom of the handout. • W.E.B. • DuBois Similar • Booker T. • Washington

5. First black to earn doctorate at Harvard Co-founded NAACP Eventually left the south Focused on providing self-help, education and Black Pride. Demanded immediate social, political, economic equality. Educated at Hampton Institute Founded Tuskegee Institute Remained in the South Focused on teaching blacks industrial and vocational skills Accepted segregation and disfranchisement until blacks could prove their worth. (Atlanta Compromise) Southerners Teachers Black success required white assistance • W.E.B. • DuBois • Booker T. • Washington Similar

6. Settling the Race Issue • Race relations were “fluid” at the end of Reconstruction in the South: • Meaning that they were not always discriminatory and violent, it varied. • Blacks continued to vote, hold office after 1877 in many areas. • Journalist T. McCants Stewart was surprised at how well he was treated. • The White Backlash • Myth of the “Lost Cause” continued to cause resentment of the new status of blacks. • Some believed in Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory as it applied to the races. • Also, the poor economy in the South made job competition a difficult issue for blacks.

7. Settling the Race Issue • Peoples Grocery Store in Memphis (1892) • Three black men operated the People’s Grocery in competition with a white store. • The white owner charged the black storeowners were a public nuisance, police arrested them. • Several days later, the black storeowners were found shot to death outside the Memphis jail. • This is an example of “Lynch Law”- the killing of a person by a mob without a court trial. • Ida B. Wells • Wells attacked this lynching in her newspaper, but fled to Chicago after the news office was destroyed by mob.

8. Settling the Race Issue • Plessyv. Ferguson Supreme Court Case • Homer Plessy • U.S. Supreme Court established the “separate but equal” doctrine (1896) stating that separate facilities were legal as long as they were equal. • Court ruled this did not violate the 14th Amendment.

9. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – established “separate but equal” doctrine Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – established the “separate but equal” doctrine

10. Settling the Race Issue • Jim Crow Laws were created. • Name given to segregation laws in the Southbased on a stage performer Tom Rice back in the 1820s. • This is an example of “de jure” segregation (by law) versus “de facto” segregation (by custom). • Black labor was “deskilled”. • blacks were excluded by law from joining white trade unions.

11. Settling the Race Issue • Disfranchisement – use of law to prevent a group of people from voting. • poll taxes • secret ballot • literacy tests • “grandfather clause” • Obstacles to voting