1 / 34

Clinical Microbiology

Clinical Microbiology. 2008. Microorganisms as causative agents of infections in animals. Companion animals: Dog and cat Horse Food animals Cattle and sheep Pig Poultry. Infections of the. Respiratory system Nervous system (CNS) Gastro-intestinal tract Urinary tract Genital systém

valariep
Download Presentation

Clinical Microbiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Clinical Microbiology 2008

  2. Microorganisms as causative agents of infections in animals • Companion animals: • Dog and cat • Horse • Food animals • Cattle and sheep • Pig • Poultry

  3. Infections of the.. • Respiratory system • Nervous system (CNS) • Gastro-intestinal tract • Urinary tract • Genital systém • Skin, soft tissues and wounds • Joint and bones

  4. Clinical microbiology (microbes and antimicrobials) • Bacteriology and use of antibiotics and chemoterapeutics) • Virology • And use of antivirotics • Mycology • And use of antimycotics • Use of vaccines

  5. Clinical specimens • Colleted from living animals not from necropsy

  6. Characterisation of bacteria from clinical specimens • Processing of a specimen • Gram stain • Cultivation • Atmosphere (A/AN, A+CO2,AN,A) • Culture media (solid:BA, MC agar,XLD agar, chocolate agar, liquid: broths) • Identification • G+ • Gram- negative bacteria (oxidase, catalase, biochemical tests, serological tests to identify serovars

  7. Further identification -Typing methods • Serological tests are used for serotyping • (E.coli O157 H7, E. coli O141 F4 • S. Typhimurium O 1,4,5,12,H: i, 1,2 • S. Enteritidis O1,9,12, H:g,m • Bacteriophage typing (S. Typimurium DT 104)

  8. Identification – subtyping methods • DNA subtyping methods • gene typing for virulence factors instead of toxin production • E.coli • P. multocida

  9. Obligate anaerobic bacteria • Bacteroides/Fusobacterium • Porphyromonas • Prevotella • Clostridium perfringens • Clostridium difficile

  10. Metods for detection of non-cultured bacteria • Microscopy • PCR detection using various modifications • PCR • Nested PCR • Real time PCR

  11. Non-cultured bacterial genera and species • Lawsonia intracellularis • Chlamydophilla spp. • Rickketsias • Hemomycoplasmas: • Mycoplasma hemosuis, M. hemofelis

  12. G- bacterial species most frequently obsereved • Psudomonas aeruginosa • E. coli • Other coliforms (Klebsiella, Enterobacter) • Salmonella • Pasteurella multocida • Haemophilus spp. • Actinobacillus spp.

  13. G+ bacterial species most frequently obsereved • Beta – haemolytic streptococci • Staphylococcus aureus/S.intermedius • Coagulase negative staphylococci • Enterococci • Clostridium perfringens

  14. Zoonotic bacterial species • Campylobacter jejuni, C.coli • VTEC (verotoxigenic E.coli serogroup O157 • Salmonella enterica (ST DT 104) • Yersinia enterocolitica • Streptococcus suis 2 • Listeria moncytogenes

  15. Mycotic infections • Candida albicans • Dermatophyta

  16. Use of Antibiotics • Antibiotic susceptibility testing • MIC – minimum inhibitory concentrations • Disc susceptibility test • Etest • Beta-lactamase test

  17. Commonly used antibiotic • Range of action: • Very good • Good • Poor activity against particular bacteria • Bacterial resistance mechanisms

  18. Betalactams • PENICILLINS • Benzylpenicillin • Aminopenicillins • Ampicilin, amoxicilin

  19. Cephalosporines 1 to 4 generation • 1g: cephalotin • 2g: cefuroxim • 3g: ceftazidim • 4g: cefquinom

  20. Carbapenems • Imipenem

  21. Inhibitors of beta-lactamases • Clavulanic acid • Sulbactam • Combination: co-amoxicillin

  22. Glykopeptides • Vancomycin • Teicoplanin

  23. Aminoglycosides • Streptomycin • Gentamicin

  24. Macrolides • Erytromycin • Tylosin • Tilmicosin

  25. Lincosamides • Lincomycine

  26. Tetracyclines • Oxytetracycline/Chlortetracycline • Doxycycline

  27. Amphenicols • Chloramphenicol • 2.gen. • Florfenicol

  28. Pleuromutilins (diterpens) • Tiamulin • 2gen. • Valnemulin

  29. Chemoterapeutics • Sulfonamides • Quinolones

  30. Sulfonamides • Sulfamethoxazol • Co- trimoxazol

  31. Quinolones • Non fluorinated q. • Oxolinic acid • Fluorinated q. • enrofloxacin

  32. Infections of the Respiratory System • Mirobes • Pathogenesis (aspiration) • Nasopharynx • Pharynx (pharyngitis) • Trachea • Bronchi (bronchioli) • Lungs -pneumonia • Bronchopneumonia • Pleura (pleuritis) • Lung absces

  33. Infection of the skin and sof tissues • A breatch of the skin • Via minor abrasions • Hair follicles • Surgical incision • Wounds (traumatic, surgical)

  34. Infections of the blood • Bacteraemia - bacteria in the blood se detected by blood culture • Transient (single episode) • Intermittent • Continuous

More Related