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Paper 3 Reminders

Paper 3 Reminders. THREE SECTIONS. Critical Thinking Moral Reasoning Tentative solution. Mechanics. 6-8 pages long (estimate only) Critical thinking = 3 pages Moral reasoning = 3 pages Conclusion/solution = 1 pages Full Works Cited Section Writing = as perfect as you can make it

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Paper 3 Reminders

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  1. Paper 3 Reminders

  2. THREE SECTIONS • Critical Thinking • Moral Reasoning • Tentative solution

  3. Mechanics • 6-8 pages long (estimate only) • Critical thinking = 3 pages • Moral reasoning = 3 pages • Conclusion/solution = 1 pages • Full Works Cited Section • Writing = as perfect as you can make it • MLA format = as perfect as possible

  4. MORAL REASONING • A methodology to help people deal with moral dilemmas • The Key to doing well on paper 3

  5. Moral Reasoning and Paper 3 • Your paper has a value-laden problem • Paper 3 uses moral reasoning to assess the moral components of each position • Read Section 4 of the Handbook

  6. Moral Reasoning Requirements for the Capstone Project • For Each Side in Paper 3 you must identify analyze for the proponents and opponents • The Obligations inherent in the position • The Values underlying the position • The potential consequences of the position • The position in terms of the normative principles and theories that support it

  7. Moral Reasoning and Capstone • Don’t simply list the values, obligations and consequences • Use the literature to justify these things for each side. Do not just assume that they believe it.

  8. WHAT IS A MORAL DILEMMA? • Occurs when you are facing a value-laden problem and… • All the choices appear to have merit

  9. WHAT IS MORAL REASONING? • Ability to work through moral dilemmas using a rule-based framework • Involves both decision-making and taking action • Focuses on situations that involve value conflicts • Beliefs about what is good/desirable and undesirable

  10. What are Morals? • What are morals? • Moral Relativism • Moral Absolutism

  11. INSUFFICIENT, CRITERIA FOR MORAL DECISION-MAKING • Feelings • Religion • Majority view • Law

  12. ACCEPTABLE CRITERIA FOR MORAL DECISION-MAKING • Obligations • Values • Consequences Be sure to consider each criteria before making any moral decisions.

  13. OBLIGATIONS • Relationships imply obligations • Obligations relate to governmental roles • Obligations imply restrictions • Formal • Contracts, vows • Informal • Citizenship, friendship, family, professions

  14. When Obligations Conflict • Sometimes both sides will have legitimate obligations • Give preference to the more important one • Try to find a middle ground and serve both • If only one can be served • What is the first obligation • What will cause the greatest harm if not filled

  15. WHAT ARE VALUES? • Beliefs about what is good/desirable and bad/undesirable • Guide us on how to behave • Unique to each individual • Change due to time, experience

  16. SOME EXAMPLES OF VALUES(terminology: Milton Rokeach) TERMINAL National security Family security Economic prosperity A peaceful world Inner harmony Salvation Equality Wisdom Justice An exciting life INSTRUMENTAL Imaginative Honest Kind Friendly Productive Polite Fair Obedient Generous

  17. Questions to Help identify Values • What utility do those holding a side expect to achieve? • What interest do those holding a given position wish to protect or gain? • What harm do those holding a position wish to prevent?

  18. When Values Conflict • Select the higher ideal • Select the action that will achieve the greatest good • If there is no good, then choose the one with the lesser evil

  19. CONSEQUENCES They are the projected results that might occur from any given action. • Beneficial or detrimental • Immediate or long-range • Intentional or unintentional • Involve the person performing the action and/or others

  20. Measuring Consequences • Difficult to predict because people behave irrationally • Immoral Acts that produce good results – No • Moral Acts that produce mixed consequences- maybe • What if a choice must be made

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