Institute of Soil Fertility of South Russia Director Dr. Prof. Valery P. Kalinichenko

1. Institute of Soil Fertility of South Russia Director Dr. Prof. Valery P. Kalinichenko kalinitch@mail.ru Biogeosystem technique as a method to overcome the Biological and Environmental Hazards of modern Agricultural, Irrigational and Technological Activities Persianovka – Rostov-on-Don

2. Technology platform of modern civilization Modern Civilization – an awkward imitation of Nature. Suppression of Nature. Deformation of geographical and soil environment of Earth. Permanent technology hazard. Industrial approach of civilization is dangerous. Ecological approach is worse – no new technologies are proposed. Preventing uncertainty ofBiosphere, Climate, Science, Practice, Politics and Management is on agenda (Session on Thursday May 1st at EGU2014 Congress). Technological platform of noosphere is to be developed. This is the only opportunity for elites and citizens to increase the likelihood of survival in Biosphere. Biogeosystem technique overcomes the excess of greenhouse gases and other fossils extracted from the Earth's, desertification, degradationof the human genomein unacceptable conditions of existence.

3. Biogeosystem technique Biogeosystem technique is a synthetic transcendental scientific multidisciplinary fundamental and applied innovation preventive approach which permits to overcome system disadvantage of actual landuse, inappropriate dividing of biosphere to: industry, agriculture, irrigation, ecology, forestry, technics etc. Biogeosystem technique helps to correctand sustain Biosphere as a whole: increase the soil productivity, increase the biomass production rate, reduce the water consumption rate for biomass producing, open prospect of water desalination for Biosphere, recycle waste, reduce the rate of green-house gasses, increase biological capacity of Biosphere, embed Mankind and his technology into Biosphere without contradiction between Mankind and Biosphere. Biogeosystem technique is an alternative method to enhance the efficiency of policy maker and manager who uses the data of geosciences.

4. Biogeosystem technique:Don’timitate Nature. Don’t isolate ourselves from biosphere. Transcendental approach and solutions: high quality of life in biosphere. Rotary milling processing of soil layer 30-60 cm (applied ones) optimizes the soil evolution and productivity for the period up to 40 years. Intrasoil pulse continuous-discrete method of irrigation provides fresh water save up to 5-20 times, soil and landscape conservation –prospect of water desalination. Environmentally safe recycling of municipal, industrial, biological and agricultural wastes in soil layer of 30-60 cm in rotary milling soil processing, then – intrasoil pulse continuous-discrete irrigation – provides safe 100% waste-less return of matter into biosphere. Biogeosystem Technique permits to achieve a precise robotics control of water, organics and minerals, recycle excessive amount of greenhouse gases, reduce material costs, financial expenses, produce more biological products – food and row material, and obtain high level of Biosphere Stability and Global Food Sustainability. Certainty of Climate.

5. WHERE IS THE PROBLEM? WHAT BOTHERS US? Simulative landuse approach POOR PRODUCTIVITY UNSTABLE BIOSPHERE ABSENCE OF RECREATRIONAL QUALITY OF SOIL, WATER, ATMOSPHERE CONSERVATIVE METHODS OF BIOSPHERE ENGINEERING Excess amount of greenhouse gases Low rate of biomass, oxygen and free ions production NO HARMONY BETWEEN BIOSPHERE AND MANKIND NO HARMONY BETWEEN SECTIONS OF BIOSPHERE WHAT DO WE NEED? New Paradigms for World community – Irrigation Agriculture and Soil Management Biosphere and Environment Management Green Economy Change the imitative (simulative) landuse paradigm – old industrial technological platform

6. WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW? Risk of degradationof terrestrial and water systems under the actual outdated standards of landuse, agrotechnics and waste recycling The C, P, N, S cycles in the biosphere are destroyed and the biochemical equilibriums are destabilized. The recycling period of chemicals in biosphere and geosphere is extremely long, deformed, unchained. The current technical and agriculture practices are leading to the degradation of soils, landscapes and Biosphere. The feedback time of Biosphere is too long. Possibilities of recycling and intensification of biosphere are not used to close and shorten the biological cycles of important chemical elements. The longer the phase of a chemical element in biosphere, fuller and faster its refund to food chain, the more is biomass of biosphere.

7. Soil degradation under standard waste recycling and agriculture Dead solonetzic soil, Russia Profile of the solonetzic soil, as any other soil at standard agrotechnology shows the closing stage of soil degradation under the current agriculture system. Eluvial-illuvial structure of soil profile. Soil compaction. Dead-end porous space – bad substratum for rhizosphere. Degradation of vegetation and soil. Applying concentrated liquid biological waste into soil enhances its inappropriate sedimentation.

8. Tsimlyansk, man made water reservoir in Russia (ref: wikipedia) Territorial complex of Tsimlyansk storage reservoir Ecological framework? Carcass of biosphere under industrial technology platform is ruined. Sustainable Development? Green Economy?!

9. Basis of the biogeosystem technique concept The actual prevailing standards of industrial, agrarian and ecological management are damaging the biosphere and threatening its prospect. Refuse the anthropocentric imperative of environmental management. Built ourselves into biosphere and environment. Recreational and ecological imperatives of environment management. The main concern – the biogeosystems of Earth are the only resource for obtaining food and most raw materials.

10. The United Nations has approved 2015 as the Year of the Soil  The majority of modern technical solutions in Geosciences, Environmental science, Technology, Agriculture are based on outdated empirical simulative methods. Our taskis to create a harmony between mankind and the biosphere, embed Humankind into biosphere. Breakthrough Using Transcendental solutions will help to overcome the contradiction between: The objective of the nature – to attain biological diversity & The objective of the Human race – to gain benefits, low expenditure, minimize damage to Biosphere.

11. BIOGEOSYSTEM TECHNIQUE is The way to unify different sections of biosphere. Waste and sewage safe utilization in the geographical soil environment. Shortens the recycling period of chemical elements though the Biosphere, Geosphere, Atmosphere.creates a harmonious bio-cycle. Increases the biological capacity of Biosphere. Ecological, veterinary and medical safe and productive biological wastes recycling. Synthesis of matter in the soil fine system. Extracting harmful substances (heavy metals, ready soluble salts and other ions) from the soil fine disperse system. New high-productive soils, non-waste mineral and biological recycling, water saving irrigation. Land use sustainability. Especially for deserts.

12. Biogeosystem technique (BT*) focus BT* is based on project management using system analysis. One of the main ideas behind BT* is to retain indispensable elements like C, N, S, P in the biosphere and create fresh biological products which can be used as food and non polluting fuel, as of now our Biosphere in terrestrial and water systems is converting organic matter into CO2, CH4, NH3, H2S by soil filtration, preferred water flow, ocean artificialbiological and mineral deposits, and the proper return of important elements to the biosphere cycle takes ages. On the contrary, prevails an improper return in the form of material which is degraded to the state of green-house gages and other noxious substances. Therefore the main agendais to return the indispensable elements into the biosphere cycle in a short time and in proper form to produce food and sustainable fuel for the mankind.

13. Biogeosystems technique – lower greenhouse effect, lower risk of climate change, optimization of the Earth’s cycles of water and matter, obtaining high rate biosphere biological productivity, oxygen, ionized air, food, ethanol – prospect for life.

14. Biogeosystemtechniqueprospect Biogeosystem engineering and Ecology bionics have shortcomings: The biogeosystem engineering is based on standard methods. The ecology bionics is based on bio-simulation. The biogeosystem technique prospect is its base of transcendental scientific and applied approach.

15. 1. Soil. 1.1. Soil.Simulating approach. In standard agrotechnology soil is compacted in result of simulating approach to tillage. Plow bed in chernozem soil under corn agrophytocenosis Tillage technologies imitate a geological weathering. The dead-end porous prevails. The soil under agrophytocenosis of corn after chisel processing Soil falls into a gap only along the trace of chizel. The walls of a slit are not processed (hoed), but even become compacted by chizel. The soil in the space between the slits keeps the adverse initial properties, large-block structure. No contact of recyclable substances and soil disperse system.

16. Tillage soil reclamation technology. Low degree of soil dispersion. The dead-end porous prevails. Three-tier plow PTN-40 (Russia) The agro-ameliorative tool for deep tillage with passive ripper elements. Linked to recycling Is impossible the proper placement of utilized recyclable substances to the soil at moldboard or chiseltreatment. Improper long-term change of solonetzic soil after standard reclamation tillage – PTN-40 processing. Blocks of soil are not destroyed by reclamation processing. Even after 30 years soil is still impervious to roots of crops. The dead-end porous prevail.

17. Short life-cycle (2-5 years) of deep-plowing technology. Two-tier deep plowing Rotor surface soil processing technology – result of upper soil layer degradation (Netherlands too). High degree of soil dispersion in upper soil layer. But: The dead-end porous and compaction in internal soil layer prevails. Improper soil bedrock. Bad drainage. Soil compaction. No proper change of soil evolution. High traction resistance for tillage (big mill diameter or frontal forth of vertical rotor).

18. 1.2.Soil.Transcendental approach.Breakthrough Rotary milling hoeing of soil layer 20-50 cm provides control of pedogenesis and sedimentation ratio in the soil profile (biological result). Are obtained: controlled evolution of soil, optimization of carbon cycle in the biosphere, optimized conditions for the placement of pollutants. Rotor milling ripper of subsoil layer. Transmits torque without traction resistance. Saving energy and material up to 50%. Patent RU №2273120 С2. PCT. Rotating cultivator for under-humus sail layer. Geneva. Switzerland. PCT RU/2005/000195. Priority date: 2004111564 16.04.04. High norm of soil dispersion, waste utilization, priority conditions for plants and biorecycling

19. New solutions of the world level from Russia Patent Cooperation Treaty, 2005 Акт Сев-КавМИС, 2008

20. Rotor milling device and technology for long-term preventive management of biogeosystem’s fertility Rotary milling of 20-50 cm layer applied ones optimizes disperse system, evolution and environment of soil, Increases degree of soil dispersion, creates the favorable conditions for rhizosphere growth, increases the biological productivity of biosphere by 30-50% compared to standard agricultural practices for the period up to 40 years Rotary tillage with full immersion of working body into soil. Patent SU №353665. Priority date 1969. 1 – frame, 2 – hitch, 3 – plainly cutting plow case for the top soil layer, 4 – drive of an onboard reducer, 5 – onboard reducer, 6 – final drive, 7 – inner soil layer rotor milling ripper, 8 – jockey (basic) wheel. Linked to recycling High rate mineral and organic wastes recycling. PMS-70. 1972 FS-1,3. 1976 The agro-ameliorative tools for deep rotor milling processing of soil. Duration of reclamation biological and economic effect is over 30 years.

21. Standard agrotechnics. No roots lower 20-25 cm. The layers of soil differ. Dense illuvial horizon 15-25 см,impermeable to roots. Soil after 36 years of rotor millingof layer 20-45 cm Depth 30 cm Soil is stable Depth 35cm Soil is stable Depth 40-45 cm Good structure. Best conditions for roots and plants to grow. Best recycling. Linked to recycling Rotary milling of 20-50 cm layer increases the degree of soil dispersion. High rate mineral and organic wastes recycling.

22. Dubovka experimental plot, 1972 Content of fractions 1-3 mm after different soil processing, % Single rotor milling dispersion of the soil layer of 20-50 cm promotes good conditions for rhizosphere development and long-term optimal soil evolution. Plants of winter wheat, 1973: at the left – moldboard tillage, 20-22 cm in the middle – three-tier process PTN-40, 40-45 cm (1972) on the right – rotor processing PMS-70, 40-45 cm (1972) moldboard tillage three-tiered plow rotor milling process Yield of winter wheat in 2006 moldboard tillage, 20-22 см – 4,14 t/ha three-tier process, 40-45 cm – 5,12 t/ha rotor process, 40-45 cm – 6,58 t/ha

23. Film: Dubovka experimental plot, 1972 Standard agriculture: obvious illuvial-illuvial soil profile. (first fragment of the movie) Intra-soil rotor milling processing: the soil without illuvial compaction signs within more than 30 years after processing (second fragment of the movie, practitioner eyewitness expert reviews) High rate of organic synthesis: priority conditions for water – low rate of soil water evaporation and transpiration because of deeper soil layer, its high dispersion and better structure; best conditions for P supply from soil horizon 0-45 sm (not only 0-20 sm); best conditions for N fixation from soil air because of best conditions for soil biota in soil horizon 0-45 sm (not only mineralization in 0-20 sm at standard agrotechnics); best conditions for C fixation in leaves of plats and trees from atmosphere because of best conditions for plant growth; high rate photosynthesis, priority discharge of O to atmosphere; priority ionization of atmosphere by photosynthesis; priority conditions for condensation of water vapor in atmosphere on higher ionized O and high rate of precepitation; high rate of organic reservation in soil; high rate of plants and trees above ground biomass.

24. Economical effect comparison Standard Methods against rotor processing for Winter wheat Annual Precipitation rate of 350 mm 24

25. Rotor milling subsoil ripper PMS-260. Factory test Patent RU №2273120 С2. PCT.Rotating cultivator for under-humus soil layer. Geneva. Switzerland. PCT RU/2005/000195. Priority date: 2004111564 16.04.04. Author: V. Kalinitchenko Horizontal shaft with mills. Effective deep soil layer tillage. New drive. No passive traction resistance. Performance 2 times higher then before

26. Rotor milling ripper of subsoil layer. Patent RU №2475005 С2. Priority date: 20.02.2013 The drive is executed from the top of rotor drive, is provided compulsory cleaning of rotor ring working bodies; ring diameter and a vertical dimension of device are reduced; traction resistance of drive is reduced because of smaller drive rotor ring diameter; reliability of device is increased.

27. 2. Irrigation Parent rock of South Russia soils is loess loam, Salinity: chernozem 0.4-0.8%, chestnut soil 1.8%. It is typical for most regions of the world. In noosphere the direct simulation (imitating) approach to biosphere control leads to outdated models of a recycling, fertigation, irrigation. New scientific problems of mass-transfer modeling in soils and grounds during recycling disposal of waste, irrigation, fertigation are the subject to formulate.

28. Irrigational landscapegeochemical drainage runoff

29. Geochemical barriers, calcium-carbonate equilibrium, migration and accumulation of salts in soil Irrigation water losses are on average 70-80% of the water supply throughout all irrigation systems of South Russia (DSHI, 1990, RosNIIPM, 2009). From 1971-1974 till now: Unfavorable intake of returnable waters and salts to Lower Don from irrigational and ameliorative systems is at list: 758 million cubic meters of water a year; 1946 thousand tons of salts a year

30. Geochemical barriers in natural biogeosystem are steady. Preference water flows in natural biogeosystem.

31. Diagram of calcium carbonate equilibrium (CCE) in the soil solution pCO2атмосфера ППК ↕↕ pCO2вода ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- ↔ H+ + CO32- + Ca2+ ↕ CaCO3 ППК – soil absorbing complex. CaCO3 – carbonates in solid phase. The essence of CCE and other thermodynamic chemical equilibriums in the soil lets understanding of processes occurring and allows prediction of risk of implementation of operating paradigm of environmental management concerning the peculiarities of biogeosystem. The scheme of CCE would be especially applied in case when the new waste substances are utilized in soil, new substance synthesized in the soil. According to CCE a mobility of chemicals in soil is higher then it was assessed before. So the need for reliable geochemical barriers is on agenda.

32. Irrigation carelessly spends water for 4-5 times more of biological requirements of plants, water transfer leads to degradation of soil and landscape. A task is not only to get the water (by artificial air ionization), the more – to use it in a saving way. In deserts too. At fallow agrotechnics only 20% of precipitation are used by plants(ShumovaN., 2011). The reason to optimize water supply for plants. Artificial rain. Sprinkle irrigation: Water evaporation in atmosphere and from the surface of soil and plant, bad conditions for plants. Soil degrades. Excess seepage into and through the soil. Green Revolution. Destroy Biosphere! USA Water consumption up to 6 ft per year

33. Drip irrigation Uncontrolled irregular water supply. Preferable water down flow. Soil over moistening. Loss of fertilizes and nutrients. Subsoil drip irrigation – material and financial costs. How to recycle tubes? The current imitating (simulating) gravitational frontal continually-isotropic irrigation and fertigation paradigm is environmentally dangerous itself and for recyclingtoo. 33

34. Changing Paradigm in Irrigation Water Management! The combination of a phase of water supply to the soil and a phase of its spreading into the soil leads to excessive wetting of the soil continuum at total capacity (TC), field capacity (FC) of soil. Preferable water flows. Systemic hydrological defect of biosphere It is not a beneficial reuse. Loss of water. Leaching of nutrition. Bad quality of reused water. Spoiled soil and landscape. In irrigationwater must be supplied precisely into individual soil volume without transition through soil continuum, providing favorable for plant and soil water and nutrition cycle.

35. cm/day Don’t drown a plant. It is bad if plant sinks. Highest Biomass growth rate of xerophyte plants (cotton including) Hydraulic conductivity Excess transpiration Wilting Water economy Stomatal apparatus is fully open Stomatal regulation of transpiration Thermodynamic water potential, atm Относительная транспирация (Тr/Тr0), перепад давления влаги между почвой и листом (Рп-Рл), коэффициент влагопроводности (Квл) (Е.В. Шеин, Р.И. Зайцева)

36. 1 2 t0 t1 t2 t3t4 t5 t6 The intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete paradigm of irrigation is proposed. It provides the soil and landscape conservation, increase of biological productivity, save of fresh water up to 10-20 times.Excludes the water and nutrition loss. Water in supplied and dissipated by syringe in small doses into the soil cylinder of preliminary moistening. Dry soil carcass forms the stable mechanical structure of soil. No overwatering. No soil compaction. No salinization. No soil degradation. Plants are supplied with soil solution, no need to pump out the excess of water. Soil solution is not extremely diluted. No evaporation and seepage of water. Water consumption reducing – 5-20 times. Resource and energy economy – 10-30 times. The water in nature andat irrigation goes not only for creation of biological product. Important is not just water, but the mode of its balance, income, expenditure, excessiveness of hydrological regime. Biotechnology, mechatronics, robotics. Linked to recycling

37. Institutional technical solution of mechatronics, robotics Device to perform the of intra-soil pulse continual-discrete watering of plants method. 1 - unit of electrical supply. 2 - chassis. 3 - control unit. 4 – unit of irrigation water supply. 5 - drive. 6 - axis. 7 - syringe element for pulse water supply. 8 - flexible coupling with central channel. 9 - retractable sliding syringe. Prospect of robotic irrigation, fertigation, liquid household, livestock, industrial effluent waste dispersal method, synthesis of the double and multiple destination (purpose) technical, environment, agrarian systems. World new water strategy and devices: Overcoming climate cycles and water shortages. Recycling matter and water with high biological effect. Soil and landscape conservation. Increase biosphere biomass.

38. 3. Ecological problems At standard concentrated waste utilization on land, into the soil, into the sea. The hazardous substances and infections including ptomaine are formed and spread from the waste storages by air, surface and ground water, biologically. Useable substances are lost in vain. Don’t struggle against biosphere. Overcome yourself. Waste does not exist. There are only unique substances of Earth used incorrectly and thus in result of Mankind's carelessness imprudently withdrawn from the processes of biosphere and geosphere. The task is to shorten the feedback of biogeochemical cycle, to return the so called waste into biosphere. If return of waste (properly speaking – substances) will become 10 time faster – the biosphere capacity become 10 time greater. In biosphere excess of C and other elements as a result of actual technological activity is positive circumstance from the point of view of Biogeosystem technique. These elements can be processed biologically and give an additional amount of biological matter to stabilize biosphere.

39. Ecological problem of concentrated and uncontrolled waste utilization Birdlime concentrated waste utilization in open storage (the same to other wastes). Poor veterinary and medical quality of environment. Poor quality of landscape and atmosphere. Loss of organic material form Biosphere. Greenhouse effect. Swine fever has spread over Russia through the food chains of predators because of uncontrolled slaughter waste. Recycling Soils and artificial soils are the unlimited safe reserve of agronomical and environmental disposal of wastes: effect of soil reclamation. The same in Dubai, Rostov-on-Don, all over the world.

40. Biogeosystem's stability MODEL OF SUBSTANCE ABSORPTION INTO THE SOIL MODEL OF THE ABSORPTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER IN SOIL MODEL OF DYNAMICS OF MATTER IN THE SOIL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT APPLYING OF AMELIORATOR MATHEMATICAL MODELS ALLOW A QUANTITATIVE LEVEL RESEARCH OF ECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF SOILS (ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL RESISTANCE) TO ANTHROPOGENOUS LOAD (ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE). Mathematical models are representing nonlinear feedback in system “soil – plant” taking into account influence of heavy metals.

41. STATE OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN CHERNOZEM AFTER PHOSPHOGYPSUM APPLYING

42. Surface, overhead, drip irrigation with water containing liquid waste are infecting the soil and production. Surface runoff and filtration (filtration of liquid waste through the soil, bedrock, geological bulk) leads to contamination and infection of landscape by concentrated surface and preferable water flows: An adverse result of outdated landuse, agriculture, irrigation and recycling paradigm. It is unreasonable to divide utilization of initially innoxious and low contaminated solid household waste (SHW), liquid household waste (LHW), industrial solid waste (ISW), industrial liquid waste (ILW), landuse, ecology, melioration, irrigation and agriculture. All the products of Mankind activity are received from geosphere, the majority – from biosphere – a reason for waste to be recycled in biosphere. Only most dangerous wastes are to be destructed, burned, incinerated.

43. Technologies of recycling and reclamation lay in a framework of outdated ideas. These technologies are dangerous, Under the old paradigm of agriculture, irrigation, waste recycling, outdated technologies, there is need for soil and landscape to be protected from adverse anthropogenic technological effects. In a framework of new paradigm – Biogeosystem Technique – for development of agriculture, irrigation and waste recycling there is no need for soil, landscape and environment to beprotected. Know-how – institutional technical solutions: Resource-saving technologies provide disposal of industrial household solid and liquid waste, biological phase of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, livestock and slaughter drains, other wastes. Soils are the reserve of agronomical and environmental disposal of waste with effect of soil reclamation.

44. Biological remediation by means of Biogeosystem technique Dispersed disposal of hazardous POPs (persistent organic pollutants) and other biological and mineral objects at a depth of 30-60 cm allows: 1 - remove the hazardous substances and infections from the natural food chain, rupture of epidemic and epizootic chain of infection propagation (swine fever, leukemia etc), overcoming the drawbacks of existing environmental, anti-epidemic and anti-epizootic technologies; 2 – elimination of pollution (complete destruction of pollutants, infections) into the soil as a result of saprophytes (microbes, fungi, etc.), the stimulation of their activity; 3 - apply the effective strains of microorganisms and (specialized) species of fungi, microscopic organisms; 4 - create the priority conditions for development of the organisms ensuring the safety of the human environment; 5 - priority conditions for plant growth and landscape biological production (system of double and more appointments).

45. BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION. Breakthrough Priority stimulation of organic matter synthesis in biosphere Effectively utilize the household and industrial liquid and solid wastes, livestock drains, bird's dung (birdlime), slaughter waste, other organic biological and mineral matters concerning the danger of preservatives, preons, infections. Scaling up and control destructor, catabolite, microbe, enzyme activity. Ecotoxicological "effect of low-dose“ – increase of landscape biological efficiency by 3-4 times. Infections, POPs, dioxins are destructed reliably in the natural way without chemicals or any other treatment. Landscape is medically and veterinary safe because the trophic chains of the spread of infection are unchained. Biological material is degraded not to greenhouse gasses but to biological fertilizes.

46. The storage of phosphogypsum is dangerous. If dispersal in soil phosphogypsum becomes useful: Improve soil phosphorus, calcium mineral composition. increase the amount and quality of biological product. Without apply of phosphogypsum When applying inside soil the effectiveness of organic waste is 3 times higher. Phosphogypsum, 11 t/ha Environmentally friendly robotic wasteless recycling nanotechnology provides direct substances synthesis inside the soilup to 500 t/ha Overcome the ecology paradox of waste utilization and chemical melioration of soils. Currently ameliorants, chemicals and wastes are applied on the soil surface or in the soil layer of 0-20 cm, while it mostly is to be done in 20-60 cm soil layer.

47. The device for entering substance into soil in the course of rotational intra-soil processing (according to agriculture laws: optimum, indispensability, cumulative action, return, decreasing fertility) Patent RU № 2387115 from April 27, 2010 1 – frame, 2 – disk, 3 – soil processed, 4 – rotor ripper with mills, 5 – channel to feed the pulp, 6 – distributing stage for pulp distribution, 7 – channels in a stage. Channels for feeding material to the soil

48. Synthesis of matter in fine system The robotized system to control the soil material composiiton to the development of chemical methods of soil improvement Patent RU №2476055 С2. 27.02.2013. 1 – rotor chisel-drive 2 – rotor milling tiller 3 – disk 4 – channel for supplying an intermediate chemical reaction 5 – ramp 6 – channel for the transport of intermediate chemical reaction 7 – hoeing finger 8 – distributive channel to supply intermediate product of a chemical reaction inside the fine system 9 – container for liquid ingredient 10 – hopper for bulk ingredient 11 – mixer 12 – pump.

49. Extracting substances from the fine disperse system The robotic electrochemical system development of a soil electro-amelioration method Patent RU № 2464967 C2. 27.10.2012. IPC Cl. A61J 1/20 (2011.01), A61M 3/00 (2011.01), B03C 5/00 (2011.01) C01B (2006.01), E02B 13/00, A01G 25/00. Patent holder: Company Structure K°. Application № 2011100186/21 (000277) on 11.01.2011 1 – syringe element 2 – electrode 3 – electrode outlet 4 – ionic cloud 5 – disperse system Electrochemical robotic nanotechnology provides selective substances extraction from soil: soluble salts, heavy metals and radio-nuclides from the soil, recycling and (or) reuse of salts and electrolytes.

50. Recycling of mineral and organic substances in soil layer of 20…30-50…70 cm The subsurface soil rotary milling processing and intra-soil pulsed continuous-discrete irrigation provide: Environmentally safe disposal of municipal, industrial, biological and agricultural wastes and artificial materials for soil melioration. Hazardous chemical and biological material are dispersed under the soil surface. It provided a medical and veterinary safety of environment. Biogeosystem technic controls the equilibria in the soil and soil solution. Biogeosystem technic prevents excessive mineralization of organic matter in the surface layers of soil. Simultaneously excludes a chemical reduction, biological substance do not degrade to gases. Products of organic matter decomposition penetrate directly to the food chain, 100% waste recycling. Biogeosystem technic allow more biological products, recycle excess man-made CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Simultaneous increase of biological productivity. Biogeosystem technic increases the rate of photosynthesis of the biosphere, the degree of air ionization. This enhances the formation of rain, ensures stability of the ionosphere, magnetosphere and atmosphere of Earth.